Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Bio quiz study

QuestionAnswer
Virus A microscopic infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism.
Host cell A living cell in which a virus can replicate and produce new viral particles.
Capsid The protein shell that encases the viral genome.
Viral envelope A lipid membrane that surrounds some viruses, derived from the host cell membrane.
Genome (viral) The complete set of genetic material (DNA or RNA) contained within a virus.
Lytic cycle A viral replication process that results in the destruction of the host cell and the release of new virions.
Lysogenic cycle A viral replication process where the viral genome integrates into the host cell's DNA and replicates with it without destroying the host.
Retrovirus A type of virus that transcribes its RNA genome into DNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
Reverse transcriptase An enzyme used by retroviruses to convert their RNA into DNA.
Host specificity The tendency of a virus to infect specific types of host cells or organisms.
Antigen A substance that induces an immune response, often by being recognized as foreign by the immune system.
Immune response The reaction of the immune system to foreign substances, including the production of antibodies.
Antibody A protein produced by the immune system that binds to specific antigens to neutralize or mark them for destruction.
Vaccine A biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease.
Immunity The ability of an organism to resist infection or disease, often due to the presence of antibodies.
Attenuated vaccine A vaccine created from a weakened form of the pathogen that causes a disease.
Inactivated vaccine A vaccine made from viruses or bacteria that have been killed or inactivated.
Subunit vaccine A vaccine that contains only parts of the virus or bacteria, rather than the whole pathogen.
mRNA vaccine A type of vaccine that uses messenger RNA to instruct cells to produce a protein that triggers an immune response.
Biotechnology The use of living organisms or their products to develop or create new products, often for medical or agricultural purposes.
Recombinant DNA DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from different organisms.
Gene cloning The process of making multiple copies of a specific gene.
Plasmid A small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.
Transformation The process by which a cell takes up foreign DNA from its environment.
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction, a technique used to amplify small segments of DNA.
DNA polymerase An enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides to a pre-existing strand.
Primer A short strand of RNA or DNA that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis.
Gel electrophoresis A laboratory technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.
DNA sequencing The process of determining the exact sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
CRISPR A technology that allows for precise editing of DNA in organisms.
Cas9 An enzyme used in CRISPR technology that cuts DNA at a specific location.
Guide RNA A short synthetic RNA that directs the Cas9 enzyme to the specific location in the DNA to be edited.
Gene editing The process of making precise changes to the DNA of a cell or organism.
Gene therapy A technique that modifies a person's genes to treat or prevent disease.
GMO Genetically Modified Organism, an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
DNA fingerprinting A method used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA.
Created by: Mk Oredi
 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards