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Chapter 16 Skin
Medical Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adipocyte | Fat cell |
| albino | Person with skin deficient in pigment |
| apocrine sweat gland | One of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas |
| basal layer | Deepest region of the epidermis; gives rise to all the epidermal cells |
| collagen | Structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue |
| cuticle | Band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate |
| dermis | Middle layer of the skin |
| eccrine sweat gland | Most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in skin |
| epidermis | Outer most layer of the skin |
| epithelium | Layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body |
| hair follicle | Sac within which each hair grows |
| integumentary system | The skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails |
| keratin | Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails |
| lunula | Half-moon-shaped, whitish area at the base of a nail |
| melanin | Skin pigment formed by melanocytes in the epidermis |
| paronychium | Soft tissue surrounding the nail border |
| pore | Tiny opening on the surface of the skin |
| sebaceous gland | Oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles |
| sebum | Oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands |
| squamous epithelium | Flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis |
| stratified | Arranged in layers |
| stratum (plural: strata) | A layer (of cells) |
| stratum corneum | Outermost layer of the epidermis; consists of flattened, keratinized cells |
| subcutaneous layer | Innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue |
| adip/o | Fat |
| albin/o | White |
| caus/o | burn, burning |
| cauter/o | heat, burn |
| cutane/o | skin |
| derm/o | skin |
| dermat/o | skin |
| diaphor/o | profuse sweating |
| erythem/o | redness |
| erythemat/o | redness |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| ichthy/o | scaly, dry |
| kerat/o | hard, horny like tissue |
| leuk/o | white |
| lip/o | fat |
| melan/o | black |
| myc/o | fungus |
| onych/o | nail |
| phyt/o | plant |
| pil/o | hair, hair follicle |
| py/o | pus |
| rhythid/o | wrinkle |
| seb/o | sebum |
| squam/o | scale-like |
| steat/o | fat |
| trich/o | hair |
| ungu/o | nail |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| xer/o | dry |
| -algia | pain |
| -derma | skin |
| -esis | condition |
| -lysis | breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening |
| -ose | full of; pertaining to; sugar |
| -osis | condition, usually abnormal |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| -plakia | plaque |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhea | flow; discharge |
| eumelanin | more common and is a brown pigment. |
| Pheomelanin | red-yellow pigment, found in lighter skin, more susceptible to cancer |
| elastin | protein that is elastic and helps skin to return to its original shape |
| striae | stretch marks |
| scleroderma | disease that the immune system attacks and damages healthy tissue, leading to a buildup of collagen and tight, thick skin. |
| onycholysis | loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail bed |
| Crust | collection of dried serum and cellular debris |
| cyst | Thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material |
| erosion | wearing away or loss of epidermis |
| fissure | groove or crack-like sore |
| macule (what is a large macule called, too) | flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter freckles, flat moles, etc. A patch is a large macule larger than 1 cm |
| nodule | solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter |
| papule | small (less than 1 cm in diameter) solid elevation (bump) on skin. Such as skin tags, pimples, etc |
| Pustule | Papule containing pus. |
| Ulcer | Open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper erosion) |
| vesicle, and what is a larger than 1 cm one called? | small collection of clear fluid (serum); a blister. Larger than 1 cm is a Bulla. |
| Wheal | Smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is centrally redder than the surrounding skin. |
| alopecia | Absence of hair from areas that normally have hair |
| ecchymosis (plural, ecchymoses) | Bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin |
| petechia (plural, petechiae) | small, pinpoint hemorrhage |
| Pruritus | Itching |
| acne | Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum |
| bullous pemphigoid | Rare autoimmune skin condition causing large, fluid-filled blisters. |
| Burns | Injury to tissues by heat contact |
| First-degree burns | superficial epidermal lesions, and no blisters |
| Second-degree burns (partial thickness burn injury) | epidermal and dermal lesions, blisters. Very sensitive to touch and air currents |
| Third-degree burns (full thickness, burn injury) | Epidermis and dermis are destroyed, and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue. The wound itself is insensate, won't respond to pinprick. |
| cellulitis | Diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling. |
| eczema | inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papulosquamous lesions |
| exanthematous viral diseases | Rash (exanthem) of the skin due to viral infection |
| gangrene | death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply |
| impetigo | bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted over lesions |
| psoriasis | chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly red plaques covered by silvery gray scales. Treatment is palliative, no cure. |
| scabies | contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus |
| systemic lupus erythematosus | Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs |
| tinea | infection of the skin caused by a fungus |
| urticaria (hives) | acute allergic reaction in which red hound wheals develop on the skin |
| vitiligo | loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches) |
| callus | increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction |
| Keloid | Excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision. |
| cicatrix | Normal scar left by a healed wound |
| keratosis | Thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage |
| leukoplakia | white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma) |
| nevus (plural, nevus) | Pigmented lesion of the skin |
| Verruca (plural, verrucae) | epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus |
| basal cell carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis |
| squamous cell carcinoma | malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis |
| malignant melanoma | cancerous growth composed of melanocytes |
| Kaposi sarcoma | malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules |
| Bacterial analyses | samples of skin are examined for the presence of microorganisms |
| purulent | pus filled |
| exudate | fluid that accumulates |
| fungal tests | scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic identification of fungal infection |
| cryosurgery | use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue. |
| curettage | use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion, shaped like a spoon or scoop |
| electrodesiccation | Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark |
| Mohs surgery | Thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined microscopically to check for adequate extent of the resection |
| skin biopsy | suspicious skin lesions are removed or sampled and examined microscopically by a pathologist |
| skin test | substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed |
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JoshuaB5