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Study Stack Ch. 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Congenital anomaly | An irregularity (anomaly) that is present at birth; might or might not be due to genetic factors. |
| Acute | A serious state of illness or injury from which someone often recovers with treatment. |
| Chronic | A long-lasting condition; not temporary. |
| Episodic | Occurring in episodes; a temporary condition that will pass but may recur. |
| Progressive | A disease or condition that worsens over time and from which one seldom or never recovers with treatment. |
| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) | Injury to the brain (not including conditions present at birth, birth trauma, or degenerative diseases or conditions) resulting in total or partial disability or psychosocial maladjustment that affects educational performance; may affect cognition, langua |
| Cerebral palsy (CP) | A condition characterized by paralysis, weakness, lack of coordination, and/or other motor dysfunction; caused by damage to the brain before it has matured. |
| Quadriplegia | A neurological condition in which all four limbs are paralyzed. |
| Paraplegia | A condition in which both legs are paralyzed. |
| Hemiplegia | A neurological condition in which one half (left or right) of the body is affected. |
| Spasticity | Characterized by muscle stiffness and problems in voluntary movement; associated with spastic cerebral palsy. |
| Choreoathetoid | Characterized by involuntary movements and difficulty with balance; associated with choreoathetoid cerebral palsy. |
| Atonic | Lack of muscle tone; floppiness. |
| Seizure (convulsion) | A sudden alteration of consciousness, usually accompanied by motor activity and/or sensory phenomena; caused by an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in the brain. |
| Epilepsy | A pattern of repeated seizures. |
| Executive functioning | The ability to regulate one’s behavior through working memory, inner speech, control of emotions and arousal levels, and analysis of problems and communication of problem solutions to others; delayed or impaired in people with ADHD. |
| Adaptive behavior | The social and practical intelligence used in people’s everyday lives; along with IQ, is considered in making a determination of intellectual disability. |
| Spina bifida | A congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close completely during fetal development. |
| Neural tube defect | Any defect involving the spinal cord. |
| Catheterization | Insertion of a tube into an organ of the body to inject a fluid or to withdraw a fluid, such as urine from the bladder. |
| Muscular dystrophy | A hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers. |
| Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis | A systemic disease with major symptoms involving the muscles and joints; an autoimmune disorder occurring before 16 years of age in which the muscles and joints are affected; the cause and cure are unknown. |
| Scoliosis | An abnormal curvature of the spine. |
| Cystic fibrosis (CF) | An inherited disease affecting primarily the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and respiratory organs; characterized by thick, sticky mucus that often interferes with breathing or digestion. |
| Asthma | A lung disease characterized by episodic difficulty in breathing, particularly exhaling, due to inflammation obstruction of the air passages. |
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) | A virus-caused illness resulting in a breakdown of the immune system; currently, no known cure exists. |
| Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) | A range of disorders in children whose mothers consumed large quantities of alcohol during pregnancy. |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | A metabolic genetic disorder caused by the inability of the body to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine; an accumulation of phenylalanine results in abnormal brain development. |
| Neurotoxin | A substance known to damage nerve cells.A substance known to damage nerve cells. |
| Prosthesis | A device designed to replace, partially or completely, a part of the body (e.g., artificial teeth or limbs). |
| Orthosis | A device designed to restore, partially or completely, a lost function of the body (e.g., a brace or crutch). |
| Adaptive devices | Special tools that are adaptations of common items to make accomplishing self-care, work, or recreation activities easier for people with physical disabilities. |
| Individualized family service plan (IFSP) | A plan mandated by PL 99-457 to provide services for young children with disabilities (under 3 years of age) and their families; drawn up by professionals and parents; similar to an IEP for older children. |
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