Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
concepts chpt 14&16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| microorganisms | tiny living organisms |
| pathogens | microorganisms that cause disease |
| normal flora | protect against pathogens and aide in digestion |
| bacteria | single celled organism, treated by antibiotics |
| viruses | require a host cell, hijacker, few antivirals |
| protozoa | water borne and causes GI illness |
| fungi | yeast and mold, treated with antifungals |
| helminths | parasitic worms in GI tract |
| staphylococcus aureus | boils, toxic shock syndrome, MRSA, most common |
| streptococcus A | strep throat, scarlet fever, necrotizing fasciitis |
| herpes simplex 1 | cold sores |
| herpes simplex 2 | genital herpes |
| herpes simplex 3 | chicken pox, shingles |
| colstridium perfringes | gas gangrene |
| rickettsia rickettsii | fever spread by ticks |
| candida albicans-fungi | yeast infection in vagina, thrush of the mouth |
| gram positive | blue and purple |
| gram negative | pink and red |
| MDRO's | multiple drug-resistant organisms, bacteria mutate, less resistance, over usage of antibiotics |
| HAI | healthcare associated infection, |
| primary infection | first infection by a pathogen |
| secondary infection | occurs after primary infection, weakens host |
| localized | infection in one area |
| systemic | infection in bloodstream |
| septic | microorganisms multiplying in the blood |
| primary defenses | intact skin, mucous membrane, GI system (normal flora) |
| secondary defenses | inflammation: WBC's release histamine, fever slows the growth, complement cascade: proteins destroy pathogens |
| tertiary defenses | lymphocytes (B&T cells) |
| factors that decrease immune defenses | age, lack of rest, stress, lack of exercise, poor nutrition |
| medical asepsis | clean technique, prevent spread of infection |
| #1 way to prevent infection | hand washing |
| surgical asepsis | maintaining sterile environment |
| after removing gloves, visibly dirty, between patients, before touching a patient, after removing gloves | perform hand hygiene |
| how long to wash hands | 20 seconds |
| transmission based precautions | airborne, droplet, contact |
| contact precautions | direct-person to person, indirect- touching contaminated object, MRSA, C-diff |
| droplet precautions | surgical mask within 3-6ft, influenza, meningitis |
| airborne precautions | negative pressure room, N95 mask, TB |
| VAP | ventilator associated pneumonia |
| what precautions for TB | N95 mask and negative pressure room |
| what kind a defense is a fever | secondary |
| what type of pathogen lives in water | protozoa |
| hand hygiene | most effective way to break the chain of infection |
| prone position | face down |
| supine position | face up w/arms to the side |
| hazards of immobility | blood clots, pneumonia, pressure sores, urinary retention, contractures |
| contracture | tightening due to disuse of muscles or joints |
| foot drop | plantar flexion deformity; nerve compression |
| dorsiflexion | toes toward head |
| plantar flexion | toes toward floor |
| orthostatic hypotension, | BP drop when changing positions (immediately) |
| syncope | fainting |
| shearing | skin tear |
| position of function | good body alignment |
| logroll | turning patient body as a single unit |
| transfer | moving patient from one spot to another |
| trochanter roll | prevents external hip rotation |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone minerals |
| muscle atrophy | muscle decreases in size, tone, and strength |
| musculoskeletal immobility effects | muscle atrophy, decreased joint flexibility, osteoporosis |
| complications of musculoskeletal immobility | contractures, fractures and foot drop |
| active ROM | the patient does the exercises |
| passive ROM | nurse does exercises for the patient |
| ROM | exercises to move joints |
| complications of cardiovascular | DVT, pulmonary embolus, orthostatic hypotension |
| pulmonary embolus | clot that travels to the lungs |
| myocardial infraction | heart attack, MI |
| cerebral accident | CVA, clot that travels to the brain |
| Deep vein thrombosis | DVT, clot in deep veins of the legs |
| respiratory complications | hypoxemia, hypostatic pneumonia, atelectasis |
| hypoxemia | lowered oxygen in blood |
| hypostatic pneumonia | lung infection |
| atelectasis | collapsed lung |
| to prevent respiratory complications | deep breathing and coughing, turn q2h |
| gastrointestinal complications | constipation, gas |
| gastrointestinal prevention | fiber, stool softener, increase fluids |
| urinary complications | UTI, kidney stones |
| urinary effects | incomplete bladder emptying |
| integumentary complications | pressure sores |
| integumentary effects | decreased flow to boney prominences |
| integumentary prevention | rotate every 2 hours, nutrition& hydration, specialty mattress |
| ANA | American nurses' association: safe patient handling and mobility |
| gold standard | reposition every 2 hours |
| psychological complications | sleep disturbance |
| psychological effects | isolation, loss of independence |
| psychological prevention | encourage independence, activites |
| positioning devices | pillows, trochanter roll, foot splint, hand roll, specialty beds |
| dangling prevents | syncope |
| repositioning saves | skin and lungs |
| in case of fall | lower gently to floor |
| transfer belt, and non-skid footwear are used for | ambulation safety |
| dangling | sit patient on side of bed before standing, check pulse and BP |
Created by:
muvamayi