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Psycology AQA GCSE

Perception

QuestionAnswer
Perception- Organisation and interpretation of sensory information by the brain in order to understand the world around us.
Sensation- Is the information we receive through our senses.
Binocular depth cues- Cues only detected when both eyes are used
Convergence- How hard the eye muscles have to work to view objects. The closer the object is, the harder the eye muscles have to work, which gives the brain info about depth and distance
Height in plane- Is that objects higher up in the visual field appear further away
Linear perspective - when parallel lines converge (come together) in a way that suggests distance
Monocular depth cues- Perceptual cues that can be detected with one eye
Occlusion - Objects that obscure (hide) or are in front of others appear closer to us
Relative size- Refers to the fact that smaller objects in the visual field appear further away
Retinal disparity- Is the way that the left and right eye view slightly different images. The size of the difference gives the brain info about depth and distance
Visual constancies- Our ability to see an object as the same even if the actual image received by the idea has changed, for example, if we get closer to it or move around it
Visual cues- Visual information from the environment about movement, distance and so on
Ambiguity- Is the way in which some images or stimuli can be perceived in more than one way (Necker cube)
Fiction - Is when a figure is perceived even though it is not part of the image or stimulus presented (Kanizsa triangle)
Misinterpretation of depth cues- Some visual illusions (such as the Ponzo illusion) rely on misinterpreted depth cues in order to ‘work’. The brain sees linear perspective (a depth cue) in the picture, creating the impression of distance, and mistakenly applies the rule of size constancy
Visual illusions The unconscious 'mistakes' of percetion
Direct theory- The argument that the rich information in the visual array is all the brain needs to perceive the world around it. Perception is the same as sensation.
Motion parallax- Type of monocular cue that provides the brain with important information to do with movement. Objects that are far away appear to move more slowly as we move than objects that are close to us
Nature- Refers to those aspects of behaviour that are inherited
Constructivist theory- We make sense of the world around us by building our perceptions based partly on incoming data and partly using clues from what we know about the world
Inference- Taking info in front of you and drawing a conclusion about what it means based on what you know. Eg you see someone smiling and you infer they are happy
Nurture- Refers to aspects of behaviour that are acquired through experience eg learned from our interactions with the physical and or social environment
Perceptual set- Tendency or readiness to notice certain aspects of the sensory environment whilst ignoring others. Set is affected by several factors including culture, emotion, motivation and expectation
Culture - Refers to the beliefs and expectations that surround us
Emotion- Strong feeling or mood that has important motivational properties, it drives an individual to behave in a certain way
Motivation- Refers to the forces that drive your behaviour. It encourages an animal to act. Eg hunger is a basic drive state which pushes an animal to seek food
Expectation- Is a belief about what is likely to happen based on past experience. Expectation affects perceptual set because you are more likely to notice or attend to certain stimuli because you are anticipating them
Created by: Bumblez
 

 



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