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BIOL 1102 Exam Three
Electrical Signaling Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which channel is always open during action potential | K+ leak channel |
| What channel opens in response to depolarization | voltage-gated Na+ channels |
| What voltage-gated channel requires a large, positive membrane potential to open | voltage-gated K+ channels |
| How do voltage-gated Na+ channels stop | must inactivate themselves |
| When are Na+ gated channels inactivated | for a brief period following activation, the channel does not open in response to a new signal |
| What does the inactivation of Na+ channels create | creates a refractory period |
| What does the refractory period inihibit | inhibits the production of a new action potential, it is a state of recovery |
| What is the absolute refractory period | there cannot be another action potential |
| What happens during the relative refractory period | difficult but not impossible to produce a new action potential |
| How does the refractory period explain why action potentials are undirectional | inactivated Na+ channels won't reopen, so there's no direction but forward |
| What must a section of an axon do once its been depolarized | has to repolarize ad allow its voltage-gated Na+ channels to reset themselves before another AP an be formed |
| What can a bipolar neuron do | process and relay complex, often graded sensory signals |
| What does a pseudounipolar neuron do | fast sensory signal transmission with little processing |
| What does a multipolar neuron do | lots of dendrites for processing signals from other neurons |
| What can conotoxins do | interrupt the processes we've seen, inhibiting the functioning of voltage-gated Na+/K+ channels, OR prevent communication between a neuron and its postsynaptic target |
| What channels do mu-conotoxins inhibit | voltage-gated Na+ channels |
| How do mu-conotoxins inhibit | powerful effects through targeted amino acid interactions |
| What are the dadliest brain cancers | Gliomas, inaccessible for surgical removal and grow rapidly once they arise |
| What nervous system has its own glia | peripheral nervous system |
| What do Schwann cells functions like | oligodendrocytes |
| Wht do Schwann cells do | myelinate the axons of PNS neurons |
| What is different with Schwann cells compared to oligodendrocyte | each Schwann cell associates with only one neuron |
| What do satellite cells do | provide structural support and nutrition to PNS neurons by regulating the external chemical environment |
| What are satellite cells obstacles to | main obstacle tot he spread of herpesvirus during an initial infection or reactivation |
| What part of the presynaptic neuron is in the synapse | axon terminal |
| What does the presynaptic neuron release | neurotransmitters towards postsynaptic target cell |
| What part of the postsynaptic cell is in the synpase | dendrite which is lined with transmembrane receptor proteins (including ligand-gated ion channels) |
| What are the two types of signals neurons use to communicate | excitatory postsynaptic potential AND inhibitory postsynaptic potential |
| What are the two types of summation signals | spatial summation AND temporal summation |
| What does no summation signal mean | multiple EPSPs widely spaced in time and do not set off an action potential |
| What does temporal summation mean | multiple EPSPs arrive quickly at a single synapse and set off an action potential |
| What does spatial summation mean | single EPSPs at two or more different synapses relative to the axon hillock set off an action potential |
| What does cancellation summation mean | an PSP and an IPSP may cancel each other so no action potential is set off |
Created by:
goldengalleon