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Lab Departments
Laboratory Departments
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Laboratory Departments | Large laboratories are usually divided into different departments, each performing tests specific to their area of expertise. |
| Clinical Chemistry Department | performs assays(tests) on serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, testing for the presence and amount of specific chemical substances like glucose, cholesterol, and electrolytes. |
| Profiles | groups of related tests that provide info about specific organ systems and metabolic functions—are also performed in this department |
| Pathology Department | . study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of surgically removed organs, tissues (biopsy samples), bodily fluids, and in some cases, the whole body (autopsy)disease processes whereby the causes, mechanisms, and extent of disease are examined |
| Pathology | branch of medical science that involves the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of surgically removed organs, tissues (biopsy samples), bodily fluids, and in some cases, the whole body (autopsy). |
| . Pathology also includes the related scientific study of | disease processes whereby the causes, mechanisms, and extent of disease are examined. Areas of study include cellular adaptation to injury, necrosis (death of living cells or tissues), inflammation, wound healing, and neoplasia (abnormal new cells). |
| Surgical Pathology | most significant and time-consuming branch of pathology, with a primary focus on examining tissues with the naked eye or under a microscope for a definitive diagnosis of disease. |
| Surgically removed specimens are received from sources such as | small biopsies (shown below) of skin, core biopsies for the diagnosis of cancer, and the operating room where tumors are removed. |
| Surgical pathology involves | macroscopic (gross) and microscopic (histologic) tissue analysis, where laboratory tests assess the molecular properties of tissue samples. |
| An autopsy | is a highly specialized surgical procedure performed by a pathologist and consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and evaluate any disease or injury that may be present. |
| An autopsy or post-mortem examination's principal | Aim is to determine the cause of death, the state of health of the person before they died, and whether any medical diagnosis and treatment before death were appropriate |
| Cytology Department | The Papanicolaou test or Pap smear is performed in the cytology department. This department performs microscopic examinations of cells to detect early signs of cancers and other diseases. |
| Histology Department performs studies of | the blood's formed elements, which include white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelets. Cell counts are performed to determine the percentage of particular cell types in the blood and observe cell characteristics such as size and shape. |
| Histology is the study of | the microscopic anatomy (micro-anatomy) of cells and tissues of plants and animals. Histology is an essential tool of biology and medicine. |
| Histopathology, | the microscopic study of diseased tissue, is an important tool in anatomical pathology since accurate cancer diagnosis and other diseases usually require histopathological examination of samples. |
| The blood bank is also referred to as the immuno-hematology department. | responsible for typing and cross-matching blood for transfusion. Units of blood are tested to be sure that they are compatible with the patient that will receive them.also performing specialized tests to determine unexpected antigen-antibody reactions. |
| Transfusing the wrong type of blood can cause | a severe reaction and sometimes death. |
| Microbiology Department | grown and identified Microorganisms |
| Microorganisms | are grown and identified in the microbiology department.Once the microorganism is identified, a sensitivity test is performed to isolate which antibiotics will effectively treat the pathogen. This area of study is known as bacteriology. |
| sub-departments within the microbiology department itself: Mycology: | Different types of yeasts and molds, known as fungi, are studied. |
| sub-departments within the microbiology department itself: Virology: | Viruses are isolated, identified, and studied. |
| sub-departments within the microbiology department itself: Parasitology: | Fecal specimens are examined for O & P (parasites and their eggs). |
| Urinalysis Department | performs the physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine. |
| Clinical laboratory testing is used | is used in conjunction with health history and physical exam to provide essential data for the diagnosis and management of a patient’s condition. |
| General steps for collecting throat and nasopharyngeal specimens include the following | Preparation •Collection methods •Testing •Proper documentation |
| Droplet and contact precautions | should be followed to reduce risks of infection when working with laboratory specimens. |
| Never use | testing supplies, cartridges or reagents that are expired. Don’t use individual testing supplies that have already been opened |
| A throat culture, or strep test is performed | using a throat swab to detect the presence of group A Streptococcus bacteria which is the most common cause of sore throat |
| Primary swabbing areas for a throat culture includes | each side of the back of the throat, tonsils, and tonsillar pillars. •Avoid touching teeth, lips, tongue, or cheeks. |
| A nasopharyngeal specimen is | is used to detect pathogenic micro-organisms in the nose and throat. often used to test a patient for COVID-19. |
| There are two types of COVID-19 tests: | diagnostic and antibody (also called serology and molecular tests) |
| he nasopharyngeal swab test can cause some discomfort to | the sensitive mucosal membranes and even cause the patient to gag |
| Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) | checks for hidden blood in the stool. For the test to be valid, it is imperative that the patient follow all dietary and medication instructions. |
| Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) | You must read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions prior to providing the patient instructions and testing.Always check expiration dates of any testing materials |
| Who performs chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) urine pregnancy testing in the physician’s office. | Medical assistant |
| human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) urine pregnancy testing | Should be performed using the first urine of the day whenever possible. •This is when the patient will have the highest levels of HCG in their urine |
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