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Chem Test 1: Ch 4
Vocabulary Ch 4: Chemistry an Introduction Timberlake
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Anion | Any negatively charged ion |
Bent | shape of molecule with 2 bonded atoms and 2 lone pairs |
Cation | Any positively charged ion |
Dipole | separation of positive and negative charges in polar bond, arrow indicates the more negative |
Dipole-Dipole Attraction | Attractive forces between oppositely charged ends of polar molecule |
Dispersion Forces | Weak dipole bonding that results in momentary polarization of non polar molecules in a substance |
Double Bond | Sharing of 2 pairs of electrons by two atoms |
Electronegativity | Relative ability of an element to attract electrons in a bond |
Hydrogen Bond | Attraction between a partially positive H and a strong electronegative: F, O or N |
Ion | Atom or group of atoms having an electrical charge because of a loss/gain of an electron |
Ionic Charge | Difference between number of protons and electrons in an ion |
Molecule | smallest unit of two or more atoms held together by covalent bond |
Nonpolar covalent bond | Covalent bond with equally shared electrons. Electronegativity: 0.0-0.4 |
Nonpolar molecule | molecule has only nonpolar bonds or dipoles cancel |
Octet | 8 valence electrons |
Octet Rule | Elements in Groups 1A-7A reacts with others to achieve a noble gas arrangement, typically 8 valence electrons |
Polar Covalent Bond | Electrons shared unequally between atoms. Electronegativity: 0.4-1.8 |
Polar Molecule | Molecule where dipoles do not cancel |
Polyatomic Ion | Group of covalently bonded nonmetals that has an overall electrical charge |
Triple Bond | Sharing of 3 pairs of electrons by 2 atoms |
Valence-Shape Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) | theory that predicts the shape of molecules by placing electron pairs on central atom as far apart as possible to minimize the mutual repulsion of the electron |