Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Peds Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adevntitious sounds | wheezing, crackles, stridor |
| respiratory infections | account for the majority of acute illnesses in children |
| croup syndrome | an infection of the epiglottis or larynx |
| infants younger than ______ have maternal antibodies | 3 months |
| infants are obligatory nose breathers until ______ | 3-6 months |
| the oxygen consumption of children is ______ that of adults | 2x |
| _____ develops with age and repeated exposure to organisms | immunity |
| RSV season | winter to early spring |
| asthmatic bronchitis is more frequent in _____ weather | cold |
| signs of respiratory illness | - poor feeding - anorexia - vomiting - diarrhea - abdominal pain - cough - sore throat - nasal blockage / discharge - respiratory sounds |
| acute nasopharyngitis | the "common cold" caused by a virus and usually shows symptoms of - runny nose - fever - cough |
| care for acute nasopharyngitis | - elevate HOB - suction - saline nasal drops - cool mist vaporization - maintain fluid intake |
| the max amount of days to use nasal decongestant drops | 3 |
| acute infectious pharyngitis | "sore throat" caused by various bacteria and viruses that usually shows like - sore throat - strawberry tongue - rash (scarlett fever) - swollen lymph nodes - pain |
| group A beta hemolytic streptococcus | "strep throat", can increase the risk for rheumatic fever |
| diagnosis of acute infectious pharyngitis | throat swab |
| treatment for acute infectious pharyngitis | oral penicillin (10-day course) |
| provide comfort with a soft to liquid diet, warm saline gargle, warm fluids, lozenges, and medications to a patient with _____ | tonsilitis |
| tonsillectomy patients should be monitored postoperatively for signs of ____ | - hemorrhage - vomiting bright red blood - restlessness - frequent swallowing - tachycardia - pallor |
| influenza | the "flu" which is caused by a virus and shows with symptoms of - dry, sore throat - dry cough - lethargy - myalgia - sudden onset of fever and chills |
| patients with the flu should be monitored for secondary infections like _____ | otitis media |
| OME (otitis media with effusion) | presence of fluid in the middle ear without symptoms |
| AOM (acute otitis media) | presence of fluid in the middle with acute signs of illness |
| prevention of otitis media | - pneumonia vaccine - feed in the upright position (no bottle propping) - discontinue pacifier use after the first 6 months - avoid exposure to passive smoke |
| myringotomy | surgical incision into the eardrum to relieve pressure |
| tympanosomy | placement of tubes into the eardrum |
| croup | acute laryngotacheobronchitis (LBT), the most common croup syndrome usually caused by parainfluenza virus |
| croup symptoms | - inspiratory stridor - suprasternal retractions - barking seal-cough that gets worse at night - increasing respiratory distress |
| ____ and _____ are used to treat croup | epinephrine and steriods |
| epiglottitis is considered a _____ | a medical emergency |
| the 3 cardinal signs of epiglottis | - absence of cough - presence of drooling - agitation |
| examination with a tongue depressor is contraindicated for patients with _____ | epiglottis |
| bronchiolitis | an acute viral infection causing inflammation in the upper airway |
| ____ is the moat common cause of bronchiolitis | RSV |
| synagis | a monthly injection for preemies or at-risk infants that is sued to prevent bronchiolitis |
| the most important nursing intervention for patients with bronchiolitis is ______ | frequent suctioning |
| symptoms of foreign body aspiration | - sudden coughing or choking - dyspnea - stridor - wheezing |
| abdominal thrusts can be performed on children _____ | > 1 years old |
| _____ is the most common chronic respiratory in childhood | asthma |
| asthma | chronic inflammation of the lungs due to hyper-responsiveness |
| symptoms of asthma | - wheezing - breathlessness - retractions - chest tightness - cough - prolonged expiration |
| asthma is diagnosed using a _____ | pulmonary function test |
| albuterol | short acting that should be used to treat an asthma attack, and not to be used daily |
| salmeterol | long acting that should be used to prevent asthma and used daily |
| inhalers can cause _____ | thrush, rinse mouth after use |
| no air movement in asthma patients is called _____ | silent chest |
| status asthmaticus | respiratory distress that continues despite vigorous theraputic measures |
| emergency treatment for status asthmaticus | epinephrine 0.01ml/kg subQ (3 dose max) |
| cystic fibrosis (CF) | an exocrine gland dysfunction with multisystem involvement |
| CF is an ____ trait | autosomal recessive |
| a ______ test is used to diagnose CF | sweat chloride test |
| the first symptom of CF is usually _____ | meconium ileus |
| stagnant mucous provides a favorable environment for ______ growth | bacterial |
| _____ should be given before meals and at bedtime to remove mucous with vibration | CPT (chest physiotherapy) |
| steatorrhea | excretion of excess fat in the stool, characterized by pale, bulky, foul-smelling, and often floating, oily stools |
| ______ is a capsule that is sprinkled on flood before meals that helps absorb food | pancreatic enzymes |
| CF diet | high protein, high calorie, decreased salt intake |
| CF can lead to | DM |
| the main difference between respiratory distress compared to respiratory failure is _____ | altered LOC |
| water intoxication | ingestion of large amounts of electrolyte-free water |
| the electrolyte _____ affects the brain | sodium |
| improperly mixed infant formula is the largest cause of _____ | water intoxication |
| the electrolyte _____ affects the heart | potassium |
| isotonic | fluid and electrolyte deficit is balanced |
| hypotonic | electrolyte deficit is greater than water deficit |
| hypertonic | water deficit is greater than electrolyte deficit |
| ____ is the most important determinant of dehydration | weight |
| severe dehydration causes | - cardiovascular instability - decreased/sluggish cap refill - depressed CNS |
| oral rehydration therapy (ORT) | used for mild to moderate dehydration |
| IV fluids are used for _____ dehydration | severe |
| oral rehydration solutions (ORS) | - pedialyte - juice/gatorade mixed with salt |
| a newborn should pass meconium within the first ____ hours | 24-36 hours |
| a high fiber diet is indicated for patients with _____ | constipation |
| hirschsprung disease | a congenital anomaly of absence of ganglion cells in the colon that leads to decreased intestinal motility and mechanical obstruction |
| hirschsprung disease is fixed with _____ | surgery |
| hirschsprung disease symptoms | - ribbon like stools - foul smelling stools |
| nursing interventions for patient's with hirschsprung disease | -colorectal irrigation with water -bowel irritation with GoLYTELY via NG -low residual diet (low fiber) -high-calorie, high-protein diet -stool softeners -antibiotics |
| patients who are vomitting should be fed _____ | small, frequent meals |
| gastroesophageal reflux (GER) | the transfer of gastric contents into the esophagus |
| therapeutic management of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) | -avoidance of certain foods -small, more frequent feedings -thickened feedings -positioning - meds |
| appendicitis | obstruction of the lumen of the appendix |
| symptoms of appendicitis | - generalized pain in the RLQ at mcburney's point - fever - decreased bowel sounds - nausea and vomiting - abdominal distension -increased WBC |
| sudden relief of pain for a patient with appendicitis indicates ____ | perforation |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the colon/rectum |
| crohn's | inflammation in any part of he GI tract |
| bloody diarrhea could indicate ____ | inflammatory bowel disease |
| mouth ulcers could indicate ____ | crohn's |
| diet for inflammatory bowel disease | high protein, high calorie |
| patients with inflammatory bowel disease should be fed via ____ | enteral formulas to promote bowel rest |
| biliary atresia | progressive inflammatory process that results in complete bile duct obstruction |
| symptoms of biliary atresia | - jaundice - dark urine - gray stools |
| kasai portoenterostomy | shunts the obstructed bile out of the liver and into the intestines with the help of a surgically placed stent |
| surgical intervention for biliary atresia should be done before ____ | 2 months |
| cleft lip and cleft palate | facial malformations that occur during embryonic development due to a defect in cell migration |
| surgical repair of cleft lip is done at ____ | 2-3 months of age (before palate) |
| surgical repair of cleft palate is done at ____ | 6-12 months |
| the #1 priority after cleft lip and cleft palate repair is to_____ | protect the suture site |
| esophageal atresia | failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous passage separate from the trachea (not connected) |
| tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) | failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous passage separate from the trachea (incorrectly connected) |
| 3 C symptoms for EA/TEF | -coughing - choking - cynosis |
| frequent suctioning and NPO status are indicated for patient's with ____ | EA/TEF |
| hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | constriction of the pyloric sphincter due to muscle hypertrophy, nothing can exit the stomach |
| pyloric stenosis can be fixed with a _____ | pyloromyotomy |
| symptoms of pyloric stenosis | -pain - projectile vomiting -palpable olive shaped mass -visible gastric peristalsis waves |
| intussusception | telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another |
| symptoms of intussusception | - current jelly stools - sudden abdominal pain / inconsolable crying -vomiting -sausage shaped mass in the URQ |
| treatment for intussusception | air enema |
| the passage of normal stool indicates that _____ has been fixed, the HCP should be notified | intussusception |
| pH of urine | 5-9 |
| specific gravity of urine | 1.001 to 1.035 |
| hypospadias | congenital anomaly of the penis in which the urethra meatus open on the ventral surface (underside) |
| a patient with hypospadias should avoid _____ | circumcision |
| cryptorchidism | "undescended testes" |
| the ____ arise from the same tissue as the testes | kidneys |
| maintain the thigh suture after orichpexy surgery to prevent ____ | re-ascending |
| all febrile children 2 months to 24 months of age with no obvious cause of infection should be evaluated for a ______ | UTI |
| patients who are diagnosed with UTIs often should wear ____ | cotton underwear |
| urinary statis is the single most important factor influencing _____ occurrence | UTI |
| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| symptoms of an upper urinary tract infeciton | -fever - flank pain - chills |
| urosepsis | febrile UTI coexisting with systemic signs of bacterial illness, urinary pathogens in blood |
| diagnosis of UTI | dipstick |
| med used to treat UTI pain, burning, urgency, and frequency and turns the urine bright orange | pyridium |
| Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) | abnormal retrograde flow of the bladder urine into the ureters, where it becomes a reservoir for bacterial growth |
| ____ is the most common cause of recurring kidney infections | VUR |
| pylonephritis | inflammation and swelling of the kidney |
| symptoms of pylonephritis | - n/v - suprapubic or low back pain - costovertebral tenderness |
| minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MSCN) | an autoimmune process that occurs 1 week after an immune assault and causes protein in the urine |
| symptoms of MSCN | -generalized edema and weight gain - proteinuria +2 - hyperalbuminuria -hypoalbuminemia -dark foamy frothy urine |
| diet for patient with MSCN | high calorie low protein and sodium restriction |
| treatment for MSCN | diet and steroids (prednisone) |
| acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) | an immune complex disease occurring after an infection that causes blood in the urine |
| APSGN symptoms | - generalized edema - HTN - oliguria - hematuria (tea/cola colored) - anemia |
| the first sign of improvement for APSGN is ____ | increased urine output |
| hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) | an acute renal disease that damages blood vessels, leading to red blood cell destruction (anemia) and low platelets |
| triad of symptoms for HUS | - hemolytic anemia - thrombocytopenia -renal injury |
| HUS is usually contracted from ____ | E. coli from undercooked meat or unpasteurized milk, or fruit juice, contaminated lettuce, or swimming in a contaminated pool |
| symptoms of HUS | -abdominal pain -vomiting -bloody diarrhea -HTN |
| AKI/ARF | kidneys are suddenly unable to regulate the volume and composition of urine (usually reversible) |
| symptoms of AKI/ARF | oliguria edema HTN |
| the most immediate threat of AKI/AKF is _____ | hyperkalemia and should be treated with kayexalate or dialysis |
| CKD/CRF | diseased kidneys cannot maintain the normal chemical structure of body fluids (irriversible) |
| symptoms of CKD/CRF | retention of waste products edema anemia weight loss poor appetite itchy skin |
| paritoneal dialysis | the preferred metho of dialysis for children, a warmed solution enters the peritoneal cavity by gravity and remains for a time before removal |
| hemodialysis | requires the creation of vascular access and special dialysis equipment (monitor for clots or infection) and achieved rapid correction of fluid |
| consciousness | the ability to respond to sensory stimuli and have subjective experiences |
| alertness | arousal-waking state with the ability to respond to stimuli |
| cognitive power | the ability to process stimuli and produce verbal and motor responses |
| unconsciousness | depressed cerebral function, inability to respond to stimuli, and subjective experiences |
| coma | a state of unconsciousness from which the person cannot be aroused with powerful stimuli |
| ____ is the earliest indicator of improvement or deterioration in neurological states | LOC |
| the GCS consists of these 3 assessments | eye verbal response motor response |
| GCS score range | 3-15 |
| doll's eyes | moving the patient's head side to side should cause the eyes to go in opposite directions |
| corneal reflex | touching the cornea with a cotton applicator should cause blinking |
| tonic neck | when the head is turned to the side, the same side arms and legs extend, opposite contract |
| babinski | toes flare when the sole is touched |
| a lack of response to painful stimuli must be ____ | reported immediately |
| ___ increases ICP | pain |
| significant alterations in LOC should be ____ | reported immediately |
| cerebral hypoxia lasting longer than ____ can cause irreversible brain damage | 4 minutes |
| suctioning can increase ____ | ICP |
| an _____ is used to measure ICP | intraventricular catheter |
| carefully monitor the level of the intraventricular catheter drainage bag, it should be kept at ____ level | ear |
| normal ICP | 5-15 |
| normal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) | 60-100 |
| signs of increased ICP in infants | high pitch cry irritability, poor feeding scalp veins distended |
| macewen's sign | "crackpot sign", crackles heard on head palpation |
| signs of increased ICP in children | headache discoordination seizures blurred vision, diplopia personality changes |
| mannitol is an osmotic diuretic and used to treat ____ | cerebral edema |
| concussion | transient and reversible head injury |
| hallmark signs of a concussion | amnesia and confusion |
| contusion and lacerations | visible bruising and tearing of cerebral tissue |
| many skull fractures are the result of falls less than ____ feet | 3 |
| battle's sign | bruising over the mastoid bone several days following the incident |
| racoon eyes | bleeding around the orbit |
| hemotympanum | bleeding behind the tympanic membrane |
| patients who state they have a "runny nose" after a head injury actually have a ____ | CSF leakage |
| epidural hematoma (EDH) | bleeding into the space between the dura mater and skill (arterial bleed) |
| subdural hematoma (SDH) | bleeding between the dura mater and arachnoid space (venous bleed) |
| if a subdural hematoma (SDH) is found with retinal hemorrhage, the nurse should suspect _____ | shaken baby syndrome |
| parents should wake their child ever _____ hours after a head injury | 2 |
| drowning is the #1 cause of death for children ages _____ | 1 and older |
| drownings can occur in ____ quantities | small (pails, toilets, baths) |
| aspiration pneumonia occurs _____ hours after a submerging injury | 48-72 |
| bacterial meningitis | acute inflammation and exudation of the meninges due to infection |
| meningitis incidence has decreased due to _____ | hib, pneumococcal, and meningococcal vaccines |
| the most common sign of bacterial meningitis is _____ | nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness) |
| the definitive diagnostic test for bacterial meningitis is ____ | lumbar puncture |
| _____ is the #1 priority for a patient suspected of bacterial meningitis | isolation and antibiotic therapy |
| aseptic (viral) meningitis is frequently associated with ____ | other diseases like measles, mumps, herpesvirus, infection, leukemia |
| encephalitis | an inflammatory process of the CNS, with altered function of the brain and spinal cord that can cause devastating neurological damage |
| encephalitis is commonly caused by _____ | HSV or west nile |
| symptoms of encephalitis | headaches dizziness disorientation, stupor, coma seizures and spasticity |
| acyclovir is used to treat | encephalitis |
| the most common neurological dysfunction in children is febrile ____ | seizures |
| device used to monitor seizures | EEG |
| partial seziure | localized, small area of the brain |
| simple partial seizure | lasts less than 30 seconds and can occur at any age |
| complex partial seizure | lasts more than 30 seconds and occurs in children ages 3 years or older |
| generalized seizure | affects both brain hemispheres and shows symptoms like eye rolling LOC jerking motions foaming at the mouth incontinence |
| absence seizure | usually go unnoticed and causes temporary loss of awareness, symptoms like blank stares eye fluttering |
| epilepsy | two or more unprovoked seizures |
| drug therapy that is preferred for children with epilepsy | monotherapy |
| side effects of epilepsy meds | sleepiness change in mood change in vision ataxia |
| vagus nerve stimulation for patients with epilepsy uses ____ | magnet placement |
| children can be taken off of seizure meds once they are ____ | 2 years seizure free |
| avoid discontinuing seizure meds during ____ | puberty |
| rectal diazepam or intranasal midazolam available for _____ | intractable seizures |
| status epilepticus | seizure(s) lasting more than 5 minutes or a series of seizures in which the patient does not regain a premorbid level of consciousness |
| a _____ seizure occurs when the temperature rapidly increases, not after | febrile |
| call 911 if a seizure lasts longer than ____ minutes | 5 |
| hydrocephalus | imbalance in the production and absorption of CSF in the ventricular system |
| symptoms of hydrocephalus | Head enlargement Bulging fontanelles Dilated scalp veins Macewen sign: cracked pot sound Frontal protrusion Setting sun sign Signs of ICP |
| ______ should be monitored for patients with hydrocephalus | head circumference |
| treat hydrocephalus with a ______ placement | shunt |
| signs of a shunt infection | Fever Vomiting Decreased responsiveness Seizure activity |
| if a patient with a shunt experiences a head injury or shut infection signs appear _____ | notify the HCP |
Created by:
gnitti