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Chapter 23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "What trials punished Axis leaders after World War Two | The Nuremberg Trials |
| "Where were Nazi war criminals tried | Nuremberg Germany |
| "Where were Japanese war criminals tried | Tokyo |
| "What Japanese leader was executed after the war | Hideki Tojo |
| "What organization was formed to maintain world peace after World War Two | The United Nations |
| "What does the General Assembly of the UN consist of | Delegates from all member nations |
| "How many permanent members are on the UN Security Council | Five |
| "What power do the permanent members of the Security Council have | Veto power |
| "What are the two major agencies of the United Nations | The General Assembly and the Security Council |
| "What was the long period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union called | The Cold War |
| "What launched the Cold War according to your notes | The realization that the USSR intended to spread its power worldwide |
| "What nations in Eastern Europe fell under Soviet control after World War Two | Poland Romania East Germany Hungary Bulgaria Albania Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia |
| "What phrase did Winston Churchill use to describe the division of Europe | The Iron Curtain |
| "What does the term Third World originally refer to | Nations not aligned with East or West |
| "What policy did President Truman adopt to stop the spread of communism | Containment |
| "What was the goal of the containment policy | To halt Soviet expansion using military and economic support |
| "What two nations did the Soviet Union pressure to gain access to the Aegean Sea | Greece and Turkey |
| "How much money did Truman request for Greece and Turkey | Four hundred million dollars |
| "What was the policy of aiding nations resisting communist takeovers called | The Truman Doctrine |
| "What plan offered massive economic aid to rebuild Europe | The Marshall Plan |
| "Which nations refused Marshall Plan aid | The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe |
| "What did the Marshall Plan accomplish | Stabilized Western Europe and restored trade |
| "What military alliance was formed by Western nations in nineteen forty nine | NATO |
| "How many nations originally formed NATO | Twelve |
| "What alliance did the Communist nations form in response to NATO | The Warsaw Pact |
| "What caused the Berlin Airlift | The Soviet blockade of all land routes into West Berlin |
| "How long did the Berlin Airlift last | Eleven months |
| "What did the United States and Britain do during the Berlin blockade | Flew food and supplies into West Berlin |
| "What two German nations were created in nineteen forty nine | West Germany and East Germany |
| "Which side of Germany was Communist | East Germany |
| "Which side of Germany was democratic | West Germany |
| "What was President Trumans policy toward further communist aggression | It would be resisted |
| "What did Truman fear would happen if the US tried to force the Soviets out of Eastern Europe | Another world war |
| "What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan besides rebuilding Europe | To reduce the appeal of communism |
| "What did the Soviet Union want in Greece and Turkey | Territory and naval bases |
| "What did Churchill warn about Soviet intentions | They wanted the fruits of war and expansion of their doctrines |
| "What did the Berlin blockade attempt to force the West to stop | The unification of West Germany |
| "What did the Berlin Airlift demonstrate about the United States | Its commitment to resisting Soviet pressure |
| "What two groups fought in the Chinese civil war | The Nationalists under Chiang Kai shek and the Communists under Mao Zedong |
| "What happened in China in nineteen forty nine | Communist forces gained control of mainland China |
| "Where did the Chinese Nationalists flee after losing the civil war | Taiwan also called Formosa |
| "What major event shocked the world in nineteen forty nine | The Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb |
| "What new weapon did Truman order to be developed | The hydrogen bomb |
| "Along what line was Korea divided after World War Two | The thirty eighth parallel |
| "What type of government controlled North Korea | Communist |
| "What type of government controlled South Korea | Free non Communist |
| "When did North Korea invade South Korea | Nineteen fifty |
| "Who was placed in charge of UN military forces in Korea | General Douglas MacArthur |
| "What strategy did MacArthur use to reverse the war | An amphibious invasion at Inchon |
| "What nation entered the war to support North Korea | China |
| "What type of war did Truman insist on fighting | A limited war |
| "Why was MacArthur dismissed by Truman | He publicly criticized the presidents policy |
| "How many Americans died in the Korean War | More than fifty four thousand |
| "What did the peace agreement do to the Korean border | Left it almost the same as before the war |
| "What is the status of Korea today | It is still divided |
| "Who led the Communists in Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh |
| "What battle forced the French out of Vietnam | The Battle of Dien Bien Phu |
| "What two nations were recognized as independent at the Geneva Conference | Laos and Cambodia |
| "How was Vietnam divided after the Geneva Conference | Communist North and free South |
| "Who became president of South Vietnam | Ngo Dinh Diem |
| "What theory did Eisenhower use to justify supporting South Vietnam | The domino theory |
| "What happened after Diem was replaced by a new government | Communist guerrilla warfare increased in the South |
| "Who became the Communist dictator of Cuba in nineteen fifty nine | Fidel Castro |
| "What failed invasion attempted to overthrow Castro | The Bay of Pigs invasion |
| "Who assisted the Bay of Pigs invasion | Anti Castro Cuban exiles supported by the CIA |
| "What did American spy planes discover in Cuba in nineteen sixty two | Nuclear missile sites under construction |
| "What policy did Khrushchev claim to support | Peaceful coexistence |
| "Why did the Soviets build the Berlin Wall | To stop East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin |
| "What did the Berlin Wall symbolize | The failure of communism and the division of Europe |
| "What did Truman call his domestic program | The Fair Deal |
| "What act created the secretary of defense the CIA and the National Security Council | The National Security Act |
| "What act limited the power of labor unions | The Taft Hartley Act |
| "What act committed the government to promoting full employment | The Employment Act of nineteen forty six |
| "Who did the Democrats nominate in the election of nineteen forty eight | Harry Truman |
| "What two groups split from the Democratic Party in nineteen forty eight | Left wing Democrats and Dixiecrats |
| "Who did the Dixiecrats nominate in nineteen forty eight | Strom Thurmond |
| "Who did the Republicans nominate in nineteen forty eight | Thomas Dewey |
| "What was the outcome of the election of nineteen forty eight | Truman defeated Dewey in a major upset |
| "What was the second Red Scare | A period of fear of communist influence in America |
| "What former State Department official was accused of spying | Alger Hiss |
| "What future president gained fame from the Hiss case | Richard Nixon |
| "What couple was executed for treason during the Red Scare | Julius and Ethel Rosenberg |
| "What congressional committee investigated communist activity | The House Un American Activities Committee or HUAC |
| "What act made it easier to combat espionage | The McCarran Internal Security Act |
| "What senator became the face of the Red Scare in the nineteen fifties | Joseph McCarthy |
| "What term was coined to describe McCarthys tactics | McCarthyism |
| "Who did Republicans nominate in nineteen fifty two | Dwight Eisenhower |
| "Who was Eisenhowers running mate | Richard Nixon |
| "Who did the Democrats nominate in nineteen fifty two | Adlai Stevenson |
| "What did Eisenhower call his political philosophy | Dynamic Conservatism |
| "What government program did Eisenhower expand | Social Security |
| "What new department did Eisenhower create | The Department of Health Education and Welfare |
| "What act increased funding for math science and foreign language education | The National Defense Education Act |
| "What major construction project is Eisenhower known for | The interstate highway system |
| "Who did Democrats nominate in the election of nineteen sixty | John F Kennedy |
| "Who did Republicans nominate in the election of nineteen sixty | Richard Nixon |
| "What historic event occurred during the nineteen sixty campaign | The first televised presidential debate |
| "Who won the election of nineteen sixty | John F Kennedy |
| "What two firsts did Kennedy achieve as president | Youngest elected president and first Catholic president |
| "What did Kennedy call his legislative program | The New Frontier |
| "What organization sent skilled volunteers overseas to help poor nations | The Peace Corps |
| "What program aimed to strengthen cooperation between North and South America | The Alliance for Progress |
| "What major scientific program did Kennedy expand | The space program |
| "What happened to Kennedy in nineteen sixty three | He was assassinated |
| "Who became president after Kennedys assassination | Lyndon Johnson |
| "What was the economic condition of the postwar era | Widespread prosperity |
| "Why did America face little industrial competition after World War Two | Other nations were rebuilding from the war |
| "What consumer goods became common in the postwar era | Cars homes washing machines televisions and refrigerators |
| "When was the first credit card released | Nineteen fifty |
| "What activity became a leisure pastime in the postwar era | Shopping |
| "What did pop culture begin to rebel against | Traditional values |
| "What was the Baby Boom | A massive rise in the birth rate from nineteen forty six to nineteen sixty four |
| "What became the major source of entertainment in the nineteen fifties | Television |
| "What social problems increased during the Baby Boom era | Divorce rates and juvenile delinquency |
| "What role was considered ideal for women in the postwar era | Being a housewife |
| "What contradiction existed for women in the postwar era | Society praised housewives but many women worked outside the home |
| "What movement gained momentum in the postwar era | The civil rights movement |
| "What Supreme Court case outlawed segregated schools | Brown v Board of Education |
| "Where did the military enforce school integration in nineteen fifty seven | Central High School in Little Rock Arkansas |
| "What event began after Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat | The Montgomery Bus Boycott |
| "Who became a major leader of the civil rights movement | Martin Luther King Jr |
| "What organization did Martin Luther King Jr help found | The Southern Christian Leadership Conference or SCLC |
| "What method of protest did King advocate | Civil disobedience |
| "What protest involved black students sitting at segregated lunch counters | Sit ins |
| "What were freedom riders | Black and white activists who rode buses to challenge segregation |
| "What major civil rights event occurred in August nineteen sixty three | The March on Washington |
| "What famous speech did Martin Luther King Jr deliver at the March on Washington | The I Have a Dream speech |
| "Who became president after Kennedys assassination | Lyndon Johnson |
| "What did Johnson call his domestic program | The Great Society |
| "What did Johnson believe the government could eliminate | Poverty and inequality |
| "What major civil rights law was passed in nineteen sixty four | The Civil Rights Act of nineteen sixty four |
| "What did the Civil Rights Act of nineteen sixty four guarantee | Equal rights for black Americans |
| "What law helped register black voters and outlawed literacy tests | The Voting Rights Act of nineteen sixty five |
| "What amendment outlawed poll taxes | The Twenty Fourth Amendment |
| "What did Johnson declare to fight poverty | A War on Poverty |
| "What agency was created to coordinate anti poverty programs | The Office of Economic Opportunity |
| "What program provided preschool education for poor children | Head Start |
| "What program sent volunteers to help poor communities in America | VISTA |
| "Who did Democrats nominate in the election of nineteen sixty four | Lyndon Johnson |
| "Who did Republicans nominate in the election of nineteen sixty four | Barry Goldwater |
| "What happened in Congress during the nineteen sixty four election | Democrats won a huge majority |
| "What government program helped elderly people pay for medical care | Medicare |
| "What was the Supreme Court under Earl Warren known for | Judicial activism |
| "What case required states to provide lawyers to poor defendants | Gideon v Wainwright |
| "What case required police to inform suspects of their rights | Miranda v Arizona |
| "What case banned school sponsored prayer | Engel v Vitale |
| "What case redefined obscenity laws | Roth v United States |
| "What happened as the US tried to reduce involvement in Vietnam | It became more entangled |
| "What did the US eventually become involved in | A full fledged war in Vietnam |
| "What incident occurred in the Gulf of Tonkin in nineteen sixty four | The destroyer Maddox reportedly repulsed an attack |
| "What resolution allowed Johnson to escalate the Vietnam War | The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution |
| "What did Johnson do after receiving the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Increased the number and role of American troops in Vietnam |
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