the basic, fundamental unit of biological classification (taxonomy) representing a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring

the change in the heritable characteristics—specifically allele frequencies—of biological populations over successive generations

the preserved remains, impressions, or traces of once-living organisms from past geological ages, typically over 10,000 years old

the evolutionary process where populations of organisms change over generations to become better suited to their environment

a comprehensive, well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of facts, laws, and tested hypotheses

a fundamental mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

a fundamental interaction between organisms or species striving for limited resources

a mode of natural selection where members of one biological sex choose mates with specific traits or compete for access to mates, resulting in differential reproductive success

a biological process where two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through natural selection

the scientific, chronological collection of all discovered fossils, including remains and traces, ordered by their occurrence in Earth’s sedimentary rock layers

the earliest developmental stage of a multicellular organism, starting from fertilization to the formation of major body structures

Homologous structures

physical features or biological components in different organisms that share a common evolutionary ancestor, even if they serve different functions

the complete disappearance of a species, subspecies, or taxon, occurring when the last living member dies

degenerate, rudimentary, or reduced structures in an organism that have lost most or all of their original ancestral function

a scientific technique used to estimate the timing of evolutionary events—such as when species diverged from a common ancestor—by measuring the accumulation of neutral genetic mutations in DNA or protein sequences over time

a scientific method used in geology and archaeology to determine the chronological order of past events, fossils, or rock layers without identifying their exact numerical age

the process of determining an age in years for geologic materials, fossils, or artifacts by measuring physical, chemical, or radioactive properties

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Term	Definition
Species	the basic, fundamental unit of biological classification (taxonomy) representing a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring
Evolution	the change in the heritable characteristics—specifically allele frequencies—of biological populations over successive generations
Fossil	the preserved remains, impressions, or traces of once-living organisms from past geological ages, typically over 10,000 years old
Adaptation	the evolutionary process where populations of organisms change over generations to become better suited to their environment
Scientific theory	a comprehensive, well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of facts, laws, and tested hypotheses
Natural selection	a fundamental mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Competition	a fundamental interaction between organisms or species striving for limited resources
Sexual selection	a mode of natural selection where members of one biological sex choose mates with specific traits or compete for access to mates, resulting in differential reproductive success
Coevolution	a biological process where two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through natural selection
Fossil record	the scientific, chronological collection of all discovered fossils, including remains and traces, ordered by their occurrence in Earth’s sedimentary rock layers
Embryo	the earliest developmental stage of a multicellular organism, starting from fertilization to the formation of major body structures
Homologous structures	physical features or biological components in different organisms that share a common evolutionary ancestor, even if they serve different functions
Extinct	the complete disappearance of a species, subspecies, or taxon, occurring when the last living member dies
Vestigial organs	degenerate, rudimentary, or reduced structures in an organism that have lost most or all of their original ancestral function
Molecular clock	a scientific technique used to estimate the timing of evolutionary events—such as when species diverged from a common ancestor—by measuring the accumulation of neutral genetic mutations in DNA or protein sequences over time
Relative dating	a scientific method used in geology and archaeology to determine the chronological order of past events, fossils, or rock layers without identifying their exact numerical age
Absolute dating	the process of determining an age in years for geologic materials, fossils, or artifacts by measuring physical, chemical, or radioactive properties

Created by: user-2020377

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