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hitler vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Paul von Hindenburg | The venerable World War I hero and German President who represented the "old guard." He underestimated Hitler, thinking he could "tame" him, but his death in 1934 allowed Hitler to merge the offices of Chancellor and President into "Führer." |
| Heinrich Himmler | As head of the SS, he transformed a small bodyguard unit into a massive state-within-a-state, overseeing the concentration camps and the systematic implementation of the Holocaust. |
| Hermann Göring | Hitler’s flamboyant, medal-obsessed deputy. He founded the Gestapo and commanded the Luftwaffe (Air Force), but his influence faded as his military strategies failed and his addiction to morphine took hold. |
| Joseph Goebbels | The brilliant but fanatical Minister of Propaganda. He pioneered "The Big Lie" technique and used radio, film, and rallies to create the "Cult of the Führer" and stir up virulent antisemitism. |
| Ernst Röhm | The leader of the SA (Brownshirts). He was Hitler’s original "muscle," but his desire for a "second revolution" to replace the regular army made him a threat. Hitler had him murdered in the 1934 "Night of the Long Knives." |
| Erwin Rommel | Known as the "Desert Fox," he was Nazi Germany’s most famous tank commander. Though a brilliant strategist, he became disillusioned with Hitler’s leadership and was forced to commit suicide after being linked to a plot to kill the Führer. |
| Martin Niemoller | A former U-boat commander turned pastor who initially supported Hitler's nationalism but later co-founded the Pastors' Emergency League to oppose Nazi control of the church. He is the author of the iconic "First they came..." poem. |
| von Galen | The "Lion of Münster" who used his pulpit to deliver scorching sermons against the Nazi "T4" euthanasia program (the killing of the disabled). He was so popular that the Nazis feared executing him would cause a revolt. |
| Dietrich Bonhoeffer | A Lutheran theologian and pacifist who ironically became a double agent. He worked with German military intelligence to help Jews escape and joined the plot to assassinate Hitler, for which he was hanged in 1945. |
| White Rose group | A Protestant movement that broke away from the state-controlled "German Christian" church. It argued that the Church's only master was Christ, not the Führer, though it struggled internally with how far to push its political resistance. |
| The Edelweiss Pirates | Working-class teenagers who rejected the "Hitler Youth" lifestyle. They wore checked shirts and pins of the edelweiss flower, sang parodies of Nazi songs, and in later years, engaged in street fights with Nazi officials and aided army deserters. |
| Claus von Stauffenberg | |
| Confessional Church | A Protestant movement that broke away from the state-controlled "German Christian" church. It argued that the Church's only master was Christ, not the Führer, though it struggled internally with how far to push its political resistance. |
| Pope Pius XI | |
| Reparations | |
| Weimar Republic | |
| Spartacus Rising (1919) | |
| Twenty-Five Points (1920) | |
| Kapp Putsch (1920) | |
| Beer Hall Putsch (1923) | |
| Mein Kampf | |
| Hyper-Inflation Crisis (1923) | |
| Dawes Plan (1924) | |
| Sturmabteilung (SA) | |
| Schutzstaffel (SS) | |
| Fuhrerprinzip | |
| Article 48 | |
| Hitler becomes Chancellor (1933) | |
| Reichstag Fire (1933) | |
| Enabling Act (1933) | |
| Night of Long Knives (1934) | |
| Army swears oath to Hitler after Hindenburg's death (1934) | |
| Gleichschaltung (co-ordination) | |
| Trade Union Ban (1933) | |
| All political parties banned (except Nazi Party) (1933) | |
| Gestapo | |
| Concentration Camps | |
| Death Camps | |
| Autarky | |
| Wehrwirtschaft | |
| Four year Plan (1936-1939) | |
| Construction of the Autobahn | |
| Aryan Race | |
| Creation of German Labour Front (1933) | |
| Volksgemeinschaft | |
| Kinder, Kirche und Küche | |
| Wannsee Conference | |
| Marriage Loans | |
| Nuremberg Laws (1935) | |
| Kristallnacht | |
| Reichskirche/ Reich Church | |
| Reichskonkordat (1933) | |
| Hitler Youth | |
| Blitzkrieg | |
| 1925 Locarno Treaties | |
| 1928 - Kellogg-Briand Pact | |
| 1935 - Stresa Pact | |
| Anti-Comintern Pact (1936) | |
| 1936-1939 Intervention in Spanish Civil War | |
| 1936 Rome Berlin Axis | |
| Anschluss (1938) | |
| Sudeten Crisis (1938) | |
| Invasion of Czechoslovakia (1939) | |
| Munich Conference | |
| 1939 - Pact of Steel | |
| Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939) | |
| Invasion of Poland (1939) | |
| Tripartite Pact - 1940 | |
| Battle of Britain (1940-1941) | |
| Operation Barbarossa (1941-1943) | |
| Lebensraum |
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