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unit 4 3.2
Describe the Contribution of Agencies to Achieving Social Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How can the built environment influence crime? | By creating or reducing opportunities for offending. |
| Which agencies design crime ‘out’ of areas? | Architects, builders, town planners and local councils. |
| What is defensible space? | Areas where residents feel ownership and control, discouraging crime. |
| What are indefensible spaces? | Anonymous areas like stairwells and walkways that feel unowned. |
| What is territoriality? | Design encouraging residents to feel ownership over space. |
| Give an example of territorial design. | Cul‑de‑sacs that signal private, resident‑controlled space. |
| What is natural surveillance? | Design allowing residents to observe activity easily. |
| Give two examples of natural surveillance. | Street‑level windows and visible entrance lobbies. |
| Why do high‑rise blocks reduce surveillance? | They often have concealed entrances. |
| What is meant by a ‘safe image’? | An area appearing well cared for and community‑focused. |
| How does stigma increase crime risk? | Offenders target areas seen as neglected. |
| What is a safe location? | Neighbourhoods surrounded by low‑crime areas. |
| What does CPTED stand for? | Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. |
| What is the main idea of CPTED? | Changing environments reduces criminal opportunities. |
| Which three design features encouraged crime in blocks of flats in London? | Anonymity, lack of surveillance and easy escape. |
| What is Secured by Design? | A scheme promoting crime‑resistant housing. |
| What are gated lanes? | Lockable gates blocking access to alleyways. |
| What crimes do gated lanes reduce? | Burglary, antisocial behaviour and fly‑tipping. |
| Why may gated lanes fail? | Insiders can still commit crime. |
| What is the Panopticon? | prison design where inmates believe they are always watched. |
| What does ASBO stand for? | Anti‑Social Behaviour Order. |
| Why were ASBOs controversial? | Breaches led to imprisonment. |
| How do labelling theorists view ASBOs? | They create self‑fulfilling prophecies. |
| What punishments exist for breaking prison rules? | Loss of privileges or extra sentence days. |
| What is phased discipline? | Increasing sanctions for repeated offences. |
| Why is social control never complete? | Limited resources and social change. |
| Roughly what percentage of crime is reported? | About 40%. |
| What issue does social media raise for social control? | Regulating harmful content. |
| How have Germany and Australia responded? | Laws requiring removal of illegal content with heavy penalties. |