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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Species | a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. |
| Evolution | the process by which animals, plants, and other living organisms are transformed into different forms |
| Fossil | the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock |
| Adaptation | the action or process of adapting or being adapted |
| Scientific theory | a comprehensive, well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of facts |
| Natural selection | the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
| Competition | the activity or condition of competing |
| Sexual selection | a form of natural selection where individuals with certain inherited traits |
| Coevolution | the process where two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution |
| Fossil record | the record of the occurrence and evolution of living organisms through geological time as inferred from fossils. |
| Embryo | the early stage of a developing organism, formed after a fertilized egg |
| Homologous structures | physical features in different species that share a common evolutionary ancestor |
| Extinct | (of a species, family, or other group of animals or plants) having no living members; no longer in existence. |
| Vestigial organs | degenerate or underdeveloped structures in an organism that have lost most or all of their original, ancestral function through evolution |
| Molecular clock | a scientific tool used to estimate the timing of evolutionary events, such as when species diverged from a common ancestor |
| Relative dating | a method used in geology and archaeology to determine the chronological order of past events |
| Absolute dating | a scientific technique used in archaeology and geology to determine the specific numerical age |