A group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring, constituting the basic unit of biological classification.

The change in the inherited characteristics (traits) of biological populations over successive generations, often referred to as "descent with modification

The preserved remains, impressions, or traces of organisms from a past geological age (e.g., bones, footprints, imprints).

A heritable trait or behavior that improves an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its current environment.

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment (e.g., the Theory of Evolution).

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring, causing beneficial traits to become more common in the population.

The struggle between organisms for limited resources, such as food, space, or mates.

A form of natural selection where individuals with certain inherited traits are more successful than others in attracting and securing mates.

The process by which two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution, often through close ecological interactions like predator-prey or parasite-host.

The total collection of discovered fossils and their placement within sedimentary rock layers, which documents the history of life and evolutionary changes over time.

An early stage of development in multicellular organisms; similarities in embryo development across different species can indicate a common ancestor.

Homologous structures

Body parts in different species that have a similar structure and origin, suggesting a shared common ancestor, even if they serve different functions (e.g., human arm vs. bat wing).

The state of a species that no longer has any known living individuals on Earth.

Physical structures that remain in an organism but have lost all or most of their original function through evolution (e.g., the pelvic bone in whales).

A technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules (DNA or proteins) to estimate the time in geological history when two or more species diverged.

A method of ordering fossils or rock layers by comparing their position in the ground (deeper layers are usually older).

A technique used to determine the exact age of a fossil or rock in years, typically using radioactive isotope decay.

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Term	Definition
Species	A group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring, constituting the basic unit of biological classification.
Evolution	The change in the inherited characteristics (traits) of biological populations over successive generations, often referred to as "descent with modification
Fossil	The preserved remains, impressions, or traces of organisms from a past geological age (e.g., bones, footprints, imprints).
Adaptation	A heritable trait or behavior that improves an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its current environment.
Scientific theory	A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment (e.g., the Theory of Evolution).
Natural selection	The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring, causing beneficial traits to become more common in the population.
Competition	The struggle between organisms for limited resources, such as food, space, or mates.
Sexual selection	A form of natural selection where individuals with certain inherited traits are more successful than others in attracting and securing mates.
Coevolution	The process by which two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution, often through close ecological interactions like predator-prey or parasite-host.
Fossil record	The total collection of discovered fossils and their placement within sedimentary rock layers, which documents the history of life and evolutionary changes over time.
Embryo	An early stage of development in multicellular organisms; similarities in embryo development across different species can indicate a common ancestor.
Homologous structures	Body parts in different species that have a similar structure and origin, suggesting a shared common ancestor, even if they serve different functions (e.g., human arm vs. bat wing).
Extinct	The state of a species that no longer has any known living individuals on Earth.
Vestigial organs	Physical structures that remain in an organism but have lost all or most of their original function through evolution (e.g., the pelvic bone in whales).
Molecular clock	A technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules (DNA or proteins) to estimate the time in geological history when two or more species diverged.
Relative dating	A method of ordering fossils or rock layers by comparing their position in the ground (deeper layers are usually older).
Absolute dating	A technique used to determine the exact age of a fossil or rock in years, typically using radioactive isotope decay.

Created by: user-1995583

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