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Set 17 unit 2

Evaluating individualistic theories

QuestionAnswer
How does Freud explain criminal behaviour? Crime results from unresolved conflicts between the id and superego due to poor early socialisation.
What is one strength of Freud’s theory? It highlights the importance of early childhood experiences and family relationships.
What is a second strength of Freud’s theory? It influenced later approaches to managing crime and deviance.
What is one limitation of Freud’s theory? The unconscious mind cannot be scientifically tested.
What is a second limitation of Freud’s theory? The theory is subjective and unscientific.
What is Bowlby’s explanation of criminality? Criminal behaviour can be caused by maternal deprivation in early childhood
What is one strength of Bowlby’s theory? Bowlby found higher levels of deprivation among juvenile delinquents than a control group.
What is a second strength of Bowlby’s theory? It emphasises the importance of early relationships.
What is one limitation of Bowlby’s theory? Most delinquents in his study had not experienced deprivation.
What is a second limitation of Bowlby’s theory? Later research failed to support the idea of affectionless psychopathy.
Which personality traits does Eysenck link to crime? High extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism.
What is one strength of Eysenck’s theory? The traits it identifies can be measured.
What is a second strength of Eysenck’s theory? Some studies found offenders score higher on E, N and P traits.
What is one limitation of Eysenck’s theory? Correlation does not prove causation.
What is a second limitation of Eysenck’s theory? Convicted offenders may not represent all criminals.
How does differential association theory explain crime? Criminal behaviour is learned through interaction with others who favour rule‑breaking
What is one strength of this theory? It explains why crime often runs in families and peer groups.
What is a second strength of this theory? It explains white‑collar crime through workplace attitudes.
What is one limitation of this theory? Not everyone exposed to criminal influences offends.
How does operant learning theory explain criminal behaviour? Crime is repeated when rewards outweigh punishments.
What is one strength of operant learning theory? It explains repeat offending.
What is one limitation of operant learning theory? It is based largely on animal studies.
What is a second limitation of operant learning theory? It ignores free will and conscious thinking.
How does social learning theory explain crime? People learn criminal behaviour by observing and imitating role models.
What is one strength of social learning theory? It is supported by Bandura’s research.
What is a second strength of social learning theory It recognises the social nature of learning.
What is one limitation of social learning theory? Much of the research is based on artificial laboratory studies.
What is a second limitation of social learning theory? Some crimes cannot be easily imitated.
How does criminal personality theory explain offending? Crime is caused by faulty and biased thinking patterns.
What is one strength criminal personality theory? It led to rehabilitation methods such as cognitive behavioural therapy.
What is one limitation of criminal personality theory? Research used biased samples and no control group.
What does moral development theory suggest about criminals? Criminals are stuck at immature stages of moral reasoning.
What is one strength of moral development theory? Delinquents often display immature moral reasoning.
What is one limitation of moral development theory? Moral reasoning does not always predict behaviour.
Created by: Cabezablanca
 

 



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