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Stack #4665560
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychological Disorder | A pattern of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that is maladaptive, deviant, distressing, and dysfunctional. |
| DSM-5 | The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.); used to diagnose mental disorders. |
| Anxiety Disorders | Disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | Chronic, excessive worry about everyday life. |
| Panic Disorder | Recurrent unexpected panic attacks and fear of future attacks. |
| Phobia | An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | Unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | Disorder caused by trauma, involving flashbacks and anxiety. |
| Dissociative Disorders | Disorders involving disruptions in memory, identity, or consciousness. |
| Mood Disorder | Disorders involving disturbances in emotional state. |
| Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) | Persistent sadness and loss of interest lasting at least two weeks. |
| Persistent Depressive Disorder | Chronic depression lasting at least two years. |
| Mania | Elevated mood, high energy, impulsivity, and little need for sleep. |
| Bipolar Disorder | Disorder with cycles of mania and depression. |
| Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II | Bipolar I includes full mania; Bipolar II includes hypomania and depression. |
| Schizophrenia | Severe disorder with distorted thinking, perception, and behavior. |
| Delusions | False beliefs despite evidence against them. |
| Hallucinations | Sensory experiences without external stimuli. |
| Word Salad | Disorganized, nonsensical speech. |
| Personality Disorders | Enduring, inflexible behavior patterns that deviate from norms. |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | Disregard for others’ rights, lack of empathy. |
| Borderline Personality Disorder | Instability in emotions, relationships, and self-image. |
| Psychotherapy | Treatment using psychological techniques. |
| Psychoanalysis | Therapy focusing on unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences. |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Therapy that changes negative thoughts and behaviors. |
| Exposure Therapy | Gradual exposure to feared stimuli to reduce anxiety. |
| Systematic Desensitization | Exposure paired with relaxation techniques. |
| Aversive Conditioning | Pairing unwanted behavior with unpleasant stimulus. |
| Diathesis-Stress Model | Disorders result from predisposition plus stress. |
| Agoraphobia | Fear of situations where escape is difficult. |
| ADHD | Disorder with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | Developmental disorder affecting social interaction and communication. |
| Maladaptive | Interferes with normal functioning. |
| Unjustified | Lacking a rational cause. |
| Disturbing | Causes distress to self or others. |
| Atypical | Not typical; deviates from the norm. |
| Comorbidity | Presence of multiple disorders in one person. |
| Dissociative Amnesia | Memory loss due to trauma. |
| Dissociative Fugue | Sudden travel with identity confusion. |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) | Multiple distinct identities in one person. |
| Orbitofrontal Cortex | Brain region for decision-making and impulse control. |
| Psychopathology | Study of mental disorders. |