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APUSH Unit 4
1800-1848 War of 1812, Expansion, Reform, and Spanish American War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Louisiana Purchase (1803) | U.S. buys Louisiana and Western Territories from French for $15 million |
| War Hawks | young, hot headed politicians from South West elected to congress in 1811 who wanted war with Great Britain and the Native Americans |
| Tecumseh and the Prophet | Two Shawnee Indian brothers who united Indian tribes East of the Mississippi; made an alliance between Indians and British |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice of U.S. from 1801-1835; gave the Supreme Court the power to declare things unconstitutional and balance the Executive branch |
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Midnight judge Marbury asks Madison to make him a judge; he is denied and Marbury sues Madison; John Marshall denies Marbury's request |
| Aaron Burr | Hamilton and Jefferson's rival; originally Jefferson's VP, but Jefferson denied him for his second term; Burr schemes to lead New York to secession and duels Hamilton when he is stopped |
| Hartford Convention (1814) | secret meeting of federalists protesting the War of 1812; seen as disloyal and ultimately resulted in the end of the federalist party |
| Treaty of Ghent (1814) | treaty that ended the war of 1812 restoring prior boundaries, working towards end in slave trade, and returning prisoners |
| Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806) | 48 men led by Lewis and Clark with Sacaguea's help explore new land in Louisiana territory and make maps strengthening relationships with the Native Americans and strengthening U.S. claim to territory |
| Era of Good Feelings | period of time after War of 1812 featuring patriotic nationalism, political, social and economic growth |
| Sectionalism | loyalty to a specific region in the U.S. greater than loyalty to U.S. as a country; causes division, economic, and political parties specifically between the North and the South |
| Henry Clay | important politician who made the American System and came up with many compromises |
| American System | similar to Hamilton's economic plan; included a national bank, tariffs to encourage internal manufacturing, and federal funds for infrastructure between states; stimulates economic growth American self-sufficiency and unity |
| Panic of 1819 | first American financial crisis caused by weak banks, aftermath of Napoleonic wars, and speculation; resulted in rethinking economic policies and decreased western expansion |
| National (Cumberland) Road | first federally funded highway that connected coast to the new western territories; 600 miles long |
| Erie Canal | first waterway from the Atlantic to Lake Erie; big transportation which spurred economic growth in New York |
| Samuel Slater | Father of the American Industrial Revolution who brought textile machinery insight from England to America and created the first water-powered cotton mill and factory system |
| Factory System | idea of bringing machinery and people to one site for mass production |
| Lowell System | a series of mills that completed the whole process for producing textiles in the same place; run by mill girls, rural women who wanted a better life; factory conditions were terrible |
| Cotton Gin | invented by Eli Whitney to separate seed from cotton making textile production more efficient |
| Market Revolution | shift from subsistence to market based economy caused by industrialization, and technological improvements |
| Fletcher v. Peck (1810) | Supreme court case that established that states can't repeal contracts once they have been established; involved Georgia and the Yazoo lands |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Supreme court case that increased federal power over states; Maryland tried to tax second national bank, but ruled that states can't tax federal government and bank creation was constitutional |
| Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) | Supreme court case in which Dartmouth College president and trustees were turned over and state of New Hampshire tried to make the school public; original staff sued and won because states cannot revoke the charter of a school |
| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | supreme court case in which the state of New York and the federal government gave two different companies authority over the Hudson river; federal government wins and has control over interstate economic commerce |
| Tallmadge amendment (1819) | proposed change to conditions of Missouri becoming a state which prevented importation of slaves to Missouri; increased sectional tensions |
| Missouri Compromise (1820) | Missouri admitted as a slave state and Maine admitted as a free state; created by Henry Clay and prohibits slavery in the rest of Louisiana above the 36 30 line |
| Rush-Bagot agreement (1817) | limits naval forces in great lakes and lake Champlain border area between Canada and U.S. to relieve tension after the War of 1812 |
| Florida Purchase Treaty (1819) | Spain gives America Florida in exchange for America renouncing claims on Texas and $5 million in damages caused by Spain |
| Monroe Doctrine (1823) | separates Americas from Europe and establishes policy of non-intervention; any further colonization in the Americas will be seen as hostile; America can not enforce this though |
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