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CH21 Lymphatic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which statement best describes how excess interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic system? | It enters lymphatic capillaries through overlapping endothelial cells |
| Once lymph has passed through the lymphatic vessels, where does it ultimately return to the circulatory system? | The subclavian veins |
| Which regions of the body are drained by the right lymphatic duct? | The right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax |
| The thoracic duct drains lymph from which of the following regions? | The entire body except the right upper quadrant |
| Which lymphatic organs are considered primary lymphatic organs? | bone marrow and thymus |
| Which function is associated with secondary lymphatic organs? | filtration of lymph and activation of lymphocytes |
| Which of the following is a soluble factor involved in the innate immune response? | complement proteins |
| Which soluble factor directly inhibits viral replication inside host cells? | interferon |
| How to interferons help protect uninfected cells from viral infection? | by inducing neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins |
| Interferons are primarily produced in response to infection by which type of pathogen? | viruses |
| Which is NOT a function of the complement system? | direct production of antibodies |
| The membrane attack complex protects the host by: | creating pores in microbial cell membranes |
| What is the first event that occurs during inflammation following tissue injury or infection? | release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine |
| How does increased capillary permeability during inflammation help eliminate pathogens? | it allows antibodies and phagocytes to leave the bloodstream |
| Which step of inflammation directly leads to destruction of the pathogen? | phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages |
| Which is NOT one of the classic signs of inflammation? | fatigue |
| The redness and heat associated with inflammation are primarily caused by: | increased blood flow to the affected area |
| Which immune response primarily targets virus-infected and cancerous cells? | cell-mediated immunity |
| Which component is most directly responsible for humoral immunity? | antibodies |
| Vaccines are effective because they stimulate the production of: | memory lymphocytes |
| Antigen presentation occurs when immune cells: | display antigen fragments bound to MHC molecules |
| Which of the following is considered a professional antigen-presenting cell? | dendritic cell |
| Professional antigen-presenting cells primarily present antigens using: | MHC class II |
| Helper T cells are identified by which CD marker? | CD4 |
| Cytotoxic T cells recognize antigens presented on: | MHC class I only |
| Which T cell type is responsible for directly killing infected host cells? | Cytotoxic T cells |
| Activation of a B cell typically requires: | Antigen binding and helper T cell signals |
| Once activated, B cells differentiate into plasma cells whose main function is to: | Produce antibodies |
| What is not drained by the right lymphatic duct? | Right side of abdomen |
| Lymphatic capillaries | originate as closed-ended tubes associated with blood capillary networks |
| ____ in lymphatic vessels and trunks prevent the back flow of lymph. | Valves |
| ____ and respiratory movements move lymph upward through lymphatic vessels and trunks below the heart. | Skeletal muscle contractions |
| Lymph from most of the body is returned to the blood in the ___ vein. | left subclavian |
| Although they are not a site of lymphocyte formation, ____ lymphatic structures provide sites where immune responses are initiated. | secondary |
| With respect to the lymphatic system, what do the letters in the acronym MALT stand for? | Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue |
| Regions of MALT called Peyer patches are found in the | small intestine |
| The pharyngeal tonsils are located | in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx |
| Lymph is filtered and cleansed by the ____ before it is returned to the blood. | lymph nodes |
| When inflamed, the ___ tonsils are also known as adenoids. | pharyngeal |
| The product of complement that can cause direct cell lysis is | the membrane attack complex |
| Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called | opsonization |
| What is not important in the antiviral innate immune response? | microphages |
| The redness characteristic of an inflammatory response is caused by | vasodilation |
Created by:
michelle57