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middle ages

timeline, vocab , and facts

crusades are wars for holy ground
medieval middle ages
chivalry honor
excommunicate cat out from the church
pope head of the church
otto the great 936-973
otto the great made a stable emipre
otto the great worked closely with the church
otto the great presuded the empire to crow him emperor
otto the great increased his power
benedict balanced work and prayer
Clovis I 466-511
Clovis I 486 Frankish leader who defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe.
Charles Martel 715-741
Charles Martel Charles the Hammer
Charles Martel 717 United the Frankish lands
Charles Martel 732 Battle of Tours-lead Frankish warriors to defeat a Muslim army from Spain.
Charlemagne 742-814
Charlemagne 768 became king of the Franks
Charlemagne Charles the Great
Charlemagne In 800 built an empire that stretched across what is now France, Germany, and Italy.
Charlemagne 46 year reign – fighting to increase his power and territory.
Charlemagne Reunited much of the original Western Roman empire.
Charlemagne Appointed powerful nobles to rule local regions.
Charlemagne Thought education could help unite his kingdom.
Charlemagne Worked closely with Catholic Church to spread Christianity.
Pope Leo III 795-816
Pope Leo III Charlemagne helped protect him from his enemies.
Pope Leo III In 800, crowned Charlemagne emperor; establishing that the pope had the power.
Louis I 778-840
Louis I In 814 took over the throne.
Louis I His sons struggled among themselves for power.
Louis I In 843 they agreed to the Treaty of Verdun- splitting Charlemagne’s empire into 3 parts.
Benedict 480-543
Benedict Established a new monastic life.
Benedict In 529, organized a monastary in central Italy.
Benedict Benedictine Rule – rules for monastic life adopted by nuns and monks. -balanced prayer and work
Otto the Great 936-973
Otto the Great German king
Otto the Great Increased his power by making alliances with other German nobles.
Otto the Great In 962, persuaded pope to crown him emperor.
Otto the Great Created a stable empire
Otto the Great Worked closely with the Church
Pope Gregory VII 1054-1105
Pope Gregory VII Became pope in 1073
Pope Gregory VII Believed the emperor should not have power over the Church. – Only the pope should chose the bishops.
Pope Gregory VII Issued a list of rules declaring supreme authority over the Church and secular (non-church) leaders.
Pope Gregory VII Excommunicated Henry IV
Henry IV 1589-1610
Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor in 1073.
Henry IV Ignored Pope Gregory’s rules and tried to have him removed as pope, resulting in him being excommunicated.
Henry IV Begged for 3 days for the pope to forgive him. The pope did.
Henry IV Later he forced the pope out of Rome.
King Henry II 1154-1189
King Henry II In 1162, appointed Thomas Becket to be archbishop of Canterbury.
King Henry II Henry wanted to expand royal power. Becket grew more loyal to the Church than to the state.
King Henry II Becket excommunicated Henry.
King Henry II Henry was so mad that some knights believed the king called for Becket’s death.
King Henry II Knights traveled to Canterbury and murdered the archbishop in the church.
King Phillip II Augustus King Phillip II Augustus
King Phillip II Augustus Took the throne in 1180.
King Phillip II Augustus Created new officials to oversee justice.
King Phillip II Augustus Gained more control over the French Church.
William the Conqueror 1066-1087
William the Conqueror Christmas Day 1066, crowned king of England.
William the Conqueror He and his army fought their way across Hastings burning and looting.
William the Conqueror *Battle of Hastings wiped out many Anglo-Saxon noble families.
William the Conqueror William gave their land to the Norman barons.
William the Conqueror Introduced the strong feudal system
Thomas Aquinas 1225-1275
Thomas Aquinas Philosopher who emphasized faith as the path to the truth.
Thomas Aquinas Argued that both faith and reason come from God.
Thomas Aquinas Believed in natural law – does not change over time or from one society to another. Could be discovered through the power of human reason.
“Lionheart” King Richard 1 1189-1199
“Lionheart” King Richard 1 King of England, became leader of the 3rd Crusade.
“Lionheart” King Richard 1 Won important victories.
“Lionheart” King Richard 1 Developed a courteous relationship with Saladin.
Saladin 1174-1193
Saladin Muslim general of the 3rd Crusade fighting for the Holy Land
Saladin Known for his noble character, he inspired respect, even from his enemies.
Saladin Saladin and King Richard I signed a truce.
Saladin Agreed to respect crusader lands, but Jerusalem remained with the Muslims.
Kings and Queens Had complete control of the Feudal System.
Kings and Queens Controlled all the land- decided who he would lease land to- only men he could trust got land.
Kings and Queens Kings required the people they gave the land to, to swear an oath to remain faithful to the King at all time.
What is a Vassal? The relationship between lords and vassals made up a big part of the political and social structure of the feudal system
What is a Vassal? Vassals had certain duties to perform for the lord
What is a Vassal? All nobles were ultimately vassals of the king.
What is a Knight? Almost all nobles were knights
What is a Knight? Almost all nobles were knights
What is a Knight? Training began at age 7, as a page.
What is a Knight? Became squires at age 15 and were trained by other knights
What is a Knight? Those deemed worthy were “dubbed” knights
Created by: user-2026598
 

 



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