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Middle Ages
notes, timeline, map, and vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Crusades | Root/base - Crusade |
| Crusades | Synonym - Holy War; mission |
| Crusades | A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims who fought for the Holy Land. (Israel) |
| Clovis I | 466-511 |
| Clovis I | 486 Frankish leader who defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe. |
| Charles Martel | 715-741 |
| Charles Martel | Charles the Hammer |
| Charles Martel | 717 United the Frankish lands |
| Charles Martel | 732 Battle of Tours-lead Frankish warriors to defeat a Muslim army from Spain. |
| Charlemagne | 742-814 |
| Charlemagne | 768 became king of the Franks |
| Charlemagne | Charles the Great |
| Charlemagne | In 800 built an empire that stretched across what is now France, Germany, and Italy. |
| Charlemagne | 46 year reign – fighting to increase his power and territory |
| Charlemagne | Reunited much of the original Western Roman empire. |
| Charlemagne | Appointed powerful nobles to rule local regions. |
| Charlemagne | Thought education could help unite his kingdom. |
| Charlemagne | Worked closely with Catholic Church to spread Christianity. |
| Pope Leo III | Charlemagne helped protect him from his enemies. |
| Pope Leo III | In 800, crowned Charlemagne emperor; establishing that the pope had the power. |
| Pope Leo III | 795-816 |
| Louis I | 778-840 |
| Louis I | In 814 took over the throne. |
| Louis I | His sons struggled among themselves for power. In 843 they agreed to the Treaty of Verdun- splitting Charlemagne’s empire into 3 parts. |
| Louis I | His sons struggled among themselves for power. |
| Benedict | 480-543 |
| Benedict | Established a new Monistic life |
| Benedict | In 529 Organize the new monastery in central Italy |
| Benedict | Rules for monastic life, adopted by nuns and monks |
| Benedict | Balanced prayer and work |
| Otto the Great | 936-973 |
| Otto the Great | German king |
| Otto the Great | Increased his power by making alliances with other German nobles. |
| Otto the Great | In 962, persuaded pope to crown him emperor. |
| Otto the Great | Created a stable empir |
| Otto the Great | Worked closely with the Church |
| Pope Gregory VII | 1054-1105 |
| Pope Gregory VII | Became pope in 1073 |
| Pope Gregory VII | Believed the emperor should not have power over the Church. – Only the pope should chose the bishops. |
| Pope Gregory VII | Issued a list of rules declaring supreme authority over the Church and secular (non-church) leaders. |
| Pope Gregory VII | Excommunicated Henry IV |
| Henry IV | 1589-1610 |
| Henry IV | Holy Roman Emperor in 1073. |
| Henry IV | Ignored Pope Gregory’s rules and tried to have him removed as pope, resulting in him being excommunicated. |
| Henry IV | Begged for 3 days for the pope to forgive him. The pope did. |
| Henry IV | Later he forced the pope out of Rome. |
| King Henry II | 1154-1189 |
| King Henry II | In 1162, appointed Thomas Becket to be archbishop of Canterbury. |
| King Henry II | Henry wanted to expand royal power. Becket grew more loyal to the Church than to the state. |
| King Henry II | Becket excommunicated Henry. |
| King Henry II | Henry was so mad that some knights believed the king called for Becket’s death. |
| King Henry II | Knights traveled to Canterbury and murdered the archbishop in the church. |
| King Phillip II Augustus | Took the throne in 1180. Acquired large land Created new officials to oversee justice. Gained more control over the French Church. |
| King Phillip II Augustus | Acquired land |
| King Phillip II Augustus | Took the throne in 1180. Acquired large land Created new officials to oversee justice. Gained more control over the French Church. |
| King Phillip II Augustus | Took the throne in 1180. Acquired large land Created new officials to oversee justice. Gained more control over the French Church. |
| King Phillip II Augustus | Took the throne in 1180. Acquired large land Created new officials to oversee justice. Gained more control over the French Church. |
| William the Conqueror | 1066-1087 |
| William the Conqueror | Christmas Day 1066, crowned king of England. |
| William the Conqueror | He and his army fought their way across Hastings burning and looting. |
| William the Conqueror | Battle of Hastings wiped out many Anglo-Saxon noble families. |
| William the Conqueror | William gave their land to the Norman barons. |
| William the Conqueror | Introduced the strong feudal system |
| Thomas Aquinas | 1225-1275 |
| Thomas Aquinas | Philosopher who emphasized faith as the path to the trut |
| Thomas Aquinas | Argued that both faith and reason come from God. |
| Thomas Aquinas | Believed in natural law |
| Lionheart” King Richard 1 | Lionheart |
| Lionheart” King Richard 1 | 1189-1199 |
| Lionheart” King Richard 1 | King of England, became leader of the 3rd Crusade. |
| Lionheart” King Richard 1 | Won important victories. |
| Lionheart” King Richard 1 | Developed a courteous relationship with Saladin. |
| Saladin | |
| Saladin | |
| Saladin | |
| Saladin | |
| Saladin | |
| Kings and Queens | Had complete control of the Feudal System |
| Kings and Queens | Controlled all the land- decided who he would lease land to- only men he could trust got land. |
| Kings and Queens | |
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