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MKTG 250 Ch. 13 & 15
Vocab Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Price | the money or other consideration (including other products and services) exchanged for the ownership or use of a product or service. |
| Barter | The practice of exchanging products and services for other products and services, rather than for money. |
| Price equation | Price = List price - (Incentives + Allowances) + Extra Fees |
| Value | the ratio of perceived benefits to price; or Value = (Perceived benefits divided by Price). |
| Value pricing | the practice of simultaneously increasing product and service benefits while maintaining or decreasing price. |
| Profit Equation | Profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost; or Profit = (Unit Price x Quantity sold) - (Fixed Costs + Variable Costs) |
| Pricing objectives | specify the role of price in an organization’s marketing and strategic plans. |
| Pricing constraints | are factors that limit the range of prices a firm may set. |
| Demand curves | a graph relating the quantity sold and price, which shows the maximum number of units that will be sold at a given price. |
| Demand factors | Determine consumers’ willingness and ability to pay for products and services. |
| Price elasticity of demand | the percentage change in quantity demanded relative to a percentage change in price. |
| Elastic demand | When a 1% price decrease generates more than a 1% quantity increase |
| Inelastic demand | 1% of price decrease produces less than 1% quantity increase |
| Total revenue | the total money received from the sale of a product. |
| Fixed costs | Sum of expenses that are stable and do not change with the quantity of a product that is produced and sold. Ex.) Rent, salaries, insurance |
| Variable Costs | Sum of expenses of the firm that vary directly with the quantity of a product that is produced and sold. Ex.) Direct labor (hourly) and direct materials |
| Break-even point | a technique that analyzes the relationship between total revenue and total cost to determine profitability at various levels of output. BEP = FC / (Unit price - Unit variable cost). |
| Marketing channel | consists of individuals and firms involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by consumers or industrials users. |
| Multichannel marketing | Involves the blending of different communication and delivery channels that are mutually reinforcing in attracting, retaining, and building relationships with consumers who shop and buy in traditional intermediaries and online. |
| Dual distribution | an arrangement whereby a firm reaches different buyers by employing two or more different types of channels for the same basic product. |
| Vertical marketing systems | are professionally managed and centrally coordinated marketing channels designed to achieve channel economies and maximum marketing impact. |
| Franchising | a contractual arrangement between a parent company (a franchisor) and an individual or firm (a franchisee) that allows the franchisee to operate a certain type of business under an established name and according to specific rules. |
| Intensive distribution | a level of distribution density whereby a firm tries to place its products and services in as many outlets as possible. |
| Exclusive distribution | a level of distribution density whereby only one retailer in a specific geographical area carries the firm’s products. |
| Selective distribution | a level of distribution density whereby a firm selects a few retailers in a specific geographical area to carry its products. |
| Channel conflict | arises when one channel member believes another channel member is engaged in behavior that prevents it from achieving its goals. |
| Disintermediation | involves channel conflict that arises when a channel member bypasses another member and sells or buys products direct. |
| Logistics | consists of those activities that focus on getting the right amount of the right products to the right place at the right time at the lowest possible cost. |
| Supply Chain | consists of various firms involved in performing the activities required to create and deliver a product or service to ultimate consumers or industrial users. |