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Blood vessels Test 4
A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the blood vessels does the heart move blood through? | Only the arterial blood. |
| Three major blood vessel types? | Artery, vein, capillaries (venules and arterioles) |
| How many miles of vessels does an adult have on average? | 60,000 miles |
| 3 tunics of blood vessels | Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa |
| What is the tunica intima made of? | simple squamous epithelium and basement membrane |
| What is the tunica media made of? | smooth muscle tissue, thicker in arteries. Thin layer in vein allows for collapse. |
| what is the tunica externa made of? | AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE. collagen fibers with a little elastic fibers. |
| What is the vasa vasorum around the tunica externa? | Blood vessels of the blood vessels, feeds the blood vessels themselves. |
| Artery characteristics | blood from heart, rounded shape, high pressure, thick walled, higher O2 concentration except pulmonary artery, no valves |
| Vein characteristics | Blood to heart, irregular shape, collapsed. Low pressure, thin walled, lower O2 concentration in systemic veins, higher in pulmonary veins. |
| 3 types of arteries | elastic artery (conducting arteries) muscular artery (distributing arteries) arteriole (resistance vessels) |
| Tell me about the elastic arteries (conducting arteries) | Closest to heart, largest, additional elastic to them. Keep pressure up from heart. |
| Tell me about muscular arteries (distributing arteries) | More smooth muscle than elastic, little smaller than elastic arteries. Adjust blood flow in fight or flight response, get it to organs based on demand. |
| Tell me about arterioles (resistance vessels) | Smallest and thinnest arteries. Little of all three tunics, needed smooth muscle. Really just simple squamous epithelium once in the capillaries. Helps you modify your blood pressure, all on their own. |
| What is peripheral resistance? | Change diameter to change resistance of blood flow. |
| Terminal arterioles | to capillaries |
| Metarterioles | bypass capillaries, when cold and need to retain heat. |
| What does the precapillary sphincters do? | Closes or opens to regulate perfusion of capillaries. |
| Arterial blood pressure is | force on vessel wall by blood, given in mm Hg |
| Arterial blood pressure drops as it gets to | veins |
| Main 3 factors in blood pressure | Cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume/viscosity |
| Peripheral resistance, things that affect it | arterioles change this, friction and vessel diameter, length, vasodilation vs vasoconstriction. |
| Reasons to adjust peripheral resistance | metabolic, neuronal, hormonal |
| Why do kids have lower bp? | They don't have as long of blood vessels, the longer you have, the higher bp you need. weight gain causes a need for higher bp |
| vasodilation causes | less resistance, lower bp |
| vasoconstriction causes | higher resistance, higher bp |
| how do diuretics play in on hypertension from too much water? | Make you pee |
| What is normal hematocrit levels in men, and in women? | 37-47% in women 42-52% in men |
| anemia | low hematocrit, take diuretic to lower bp |
| polycythemia | higher hematocrit |
| epinephrine and norepinephrine have what affect through b1 receptors in heart and a receptors in arteries? | increase heart rate and vasoconstrict |
| atrial natriuretic peptide ANP does what? | decrease peripheral resistance, vasodilation |
| antidiuretic hormone ADH does what? | increase peripheral resistance, vasoconstriction, and get rid of water. |
| What does RAAS stand for? | Renin, angiotensin, aldosterone system |
| Direct renal mechanism vs indirect mechanical mechanism. | Direct, straight from kidney. Indirect, renin release from kidney, angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1, angiotensin converting enzyme in lungs to angiotensin 2, telling kidney to reabsorb and retain salt. |
| capillaries made of | just tunica interna, simple squamous epithemium. |
| Continuous capillary | most common, least permeable, such as bbb |
| fenestrated capillary | 2nd most permeable, large pores, in active areas of absorption and filtration, kidneys, small intestines, etc |
| Sinusoid capillaries | Most permeable, in liver, bone marrow, spleen, gotta get cells through. |
| 4 mechanisms of capillary dynamics | diffusion, movement through intercellular clefts, movement through fenestrations, transport via vesicles |
| Hydrostatic pressure on |
Created by:
JoshuaB5