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Bio
| Plant cells only have: | Cell wall, Chloroplast, Central Vacuole |
| What are the # of cells in a prokaryote cell? | single-celled |
| What is the size in a prokaryote cell? | super super tiny |
| What are the organelles in a prokaryote cell? | Ribosomes, no membrane bound organelles. |
| What is the DNA in a prokaryote cell? | Single circular chromosome |
| What is an example of a prokaryote cell? | Bacteria |
| What are the # of cells in a Eukaryote cell? | single or multicellular |
| What is the size in a Eukaryote cell? | super tiny |
| What are the organelles in a Eukaryote cell? | many membrane bound organelles. |
| What is the DNA in a Eukaryote cell? | Linear Chromosomes located in the nucleus |
| What is an example of a Eukaryote cell? | Protists, fungi, plants, animals |
| what is Passive tansport? | Movement across a cell membrane without energy, from high → low concentration (down the concentration gradient). |
| what is Diffusion? | Movement of substances across the cell membrane from concentration gradient - high to low concentration |
| what is osmosis? | Osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration. Hypotonic: water enters cell → swells Hypertonic: water leaves cell → shrinks Isotonic: no net movement → stays the same |
| what is Faciliated tansport? | Carrier molecule transport substances across cell membrane. concentration gradient = high to low |
| what is Active tansport? | Movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the use of the cell's energy and carrier molecules. concentration gradient = low to high (AGAINST the concentration gradient) |
| what is ENDOcytosis? | Large particles are brought INTO the cell |
| what is EXOcytosis? | Large particles LEAVE the cell |
| what is Homeostasis? | A state of balance; the cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell. the selectively permeable membrane only allows certain substances to pass through. |
| What is the monomer for Carbohydrates? | monosaccharides |
| What is the monomer for Lipids? | glycerol and fatty acids |
| What is the monomer for Proteins? | amino acids |
| What is the monomer for Nucleic Acids? | nucleotides |
| What is the function for Carbohydrates? | Short-term energy used in animal and plant structures |
| What is the function for Lipids? | Long-term. provide insulation, cushion internal organs, found in cell membranes. cannot dissolve in water. |
| What is the function for Proteins? | Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and structural components. (Muscles) |
| What is the function for Nucleic acids? | Stores (or houses) and transmits genetic information (DNA) Two types: DNA and RNA |
| What are Examples of Carbohydrates? | sugar/glucose |
| What are Examples of Lipids? | fats,waxes, and oils |
| What are Examples of Proteins? | eggs, meat, protein rich food, enzymes |
| What are Examples of Nucleic Acids? | DNA & RNA |
| What is the Struture for Carbohydrates? | Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) in a 2:1 ratio |
| What is the Struture for Lipids? | Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) Typically in a LONG chain |
| What is the Struture for Proteins? | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON) Made up of chains of amino acids. there are 20 different types of amino acids |
| What is the Struture for Nucleic Acids? | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. nucleotides are made up of sugar, nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. |
| What is a hint to help you remember Carbohydrates? | The structure looks like a cookie or a cracker and cookies/crackers have carbs. |
| What is a hint to help you remember Lipids? | Lipids are long with long-term energy, (All start with an L) |
| What is a hint to help you remember Proteins? What do you call a protein with an attitude? | An A-MEAN-O Acid |
| What is a hint to help you remember Nucleic Acids? | NUcleic acids are made up of NUcleotides Nucleic acids house your genetic information in the structure has a house shape in it |
| What is an Enzyme? | Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy |
| What is activation energy? | The amount of energy that must be put in for the reaction to begin |
| What are the factors that affect Enzymes? | PH, temperature, and quantity. enzymes have a favorable pH and temperature. the most favorable pH or temperature is called the optimum pH / temperature |
| What are the Denatured Enzymes? | enzymes whose structure has changed so they no longer function properly, causing the reaction rate to slow or stop. This can be caused by high temperature, extreme pH, chemicals, or radiation. |
| What is Photosynthesis? | Photosynthesis is the process where green plants use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose (food) and oxygen. |
| What is Cellular Respiration? | The process by which cells convert chemical energy from nutrients like glucose into usable energy (ATP) |
| How is photosynthesis and cellular respiration interrelated? | The products of photosynthesis become the reactants of cellular respiration and vice versa. |
| What is ATP? | ATP is an energy carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. |
| Where does Photosynthesis take place? | Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of the cell. |
| Where does Cellular Respiration take place? | Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell. |
| Cancer: | Caused by uncontrolled cell growth that spreads into surrounding tissues. it is also caused by mutations in DNA during the cell cycle. |
| What are the phases of Mitosis? | Prophase- chromosomes are visible nuclear membrane is breaking down, preparing to divide. Metaphase- chromosomes are lining up in the middle. Anaphase- 2 nuclei. cells are beginning to split in 2. Cytokinesis- post mitosis. cell finally splits in 2. |
| What is cell division? | the process where a cell grows, copies itself, and splits into two new cells. Most of the time is spent in interphase, and it allows asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms. |
| What are Somatic cells? | Body cells such as hair cells, Skin cells, liver cells etc. |
| What are gametes? | Sex cells- sperm and egg |
| What is protein synthesis? | The biological process by which cells create protein. consists of transcription and translation. |
Created by:
maddiegirl090210