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Middle Ages
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was a Crusade? | A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims who fought for the Holy Land (Israel) |
| What does medieval mean? | Middle Ages |
| What does chivalry mean? | The code of honorable behavior for medieval knights |
| What does Parliament mean? | The lawmaking body that governs Europe |
| What does excommunicate mean? | To cast out from the church |
| Who was Saladin? | Muslim general, he led the Muslim forces in the 3rd Crusade |
| Who is a pope? | The head of the Catholic Church |
| Who was Charlemagne? | King of the Franks. A brilliant warrior and strong leader |
| Who is Thomas Aquinas? | Dominican philosopher. He said that thinking logically could help show that Christian beliefs are true. |
| What did Thomas Aquinas say? | "It means thinking carefully so your answer makes sense." |
| Who is a Benedict? | Italian saint and monk. Created a set of rules for monks to follow. |
| Who was King Richard I? | King of England who led Christian soldiers in the 3rd Crusade. Earned respect from enemies for being brave and fair. |
| What was the Magna Carta? | A document signed in 1215 by King John; required the king to honor certain rights. |
| What was the Hundred Years War? | A long conflict between England and France. Lasted from 1337 to 1453. |
| What was the Black Death? | A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347-1351. |
| Who was William the Conqueror? | Powerful French noble who conquered England and brought feudalism there. |
| What happened when Rome fell? | After Rome collapsed, Western Europe changed socially, economically, and politically - declined. |
| What did they call Europe? | Peninsula of peninsulas |
| What is a Topography? | Physical features of its surface. |
| When was the middle ages? | 500-1500 CE/AD |
| What was happening in the new kingdoms | Huns and Germanic tribes migrate into the Roman Empire around 300 A.D. |
| Where did the Lombards settle? | In European river valleys. |
| Angels, Saxons, and Jutes moved where? | North sea to the British Isles. |
| What happened with the rise of the Franks? | In 486, Frankish leader Clovis I defeated the Roman Army. |
| Who where the Franks? | France people |
| What did the Franks controlled in 530's? | Controlled much of the land in Gaul and Germany. |
| What was Charles Martel | United the Frankish lands under his rule. |
| What was his Charles Martel most important victory?? | Battle of Tours in 732 |
| Who was Charlemagne? | The King of the Franks and is know as Charles the Great |
| What did he do in 800 A.D.? | Build and empire in what is now France, Germany, and Italy. |
| What did he do for 46 years? | Fighting to increase power and territory. |
| What did Charlemagnes victory do what? | Reunited much of the original western Roman empire. |
| Compare how Charlemagne was like other kings? | He appointed and checked on powerful nobles who ruled local regions. |
| What effect did his feelings about education have? | It caused people to better educated. |
| How did Charlemagne use his power? | Charlemagne was a devout Christian, he spread Christianity, expanded his territory (empire). |
| In 800 what happened? | Pope Leo II, crowned Charlemagne emperor, under Constantine, the emperor had authority over the church, but by Leo crowning Charlemagne. It demonstrated that the pope had the power to name the emperor. - Strengthened Church's power |
| What happened after Charlemagne died? | In 814, his sone Louis I took the throne. Treaty of Verdon - split his empire into three parts. |
| True or False: Christianity spread through much of Europe? | True |
| Many chose a life of what? | Religious study and prayer. |
| Monks focused on what? | Prayer and scripture. |
| What did the nuns do? | Devoted life to spiritual goals. |
| First Christian monasteries were in what? | Egypt in 300s A.D. |
| What did an Italian monk named Benedict do? | Established new European way of life - Monastic Life. |
| Under the rule, what happened? | Monastic life was a shared experience of balanced work and prayer. |
| Vows/ Promises of what? | Worship and to live within communities for the rest of their lives. |
| Who was clovis I? | Frankish leader who defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe. |
| What was Charles Martels nickname? | Charles the Hammer |
| What did Charles Martel do in 717? | United the Frankish lands |
| What did Charles Martel do in 732? | Battle of Tours- lead Frankish warriors to defeat a Muslim army from Spain |
| why was Pope Leo III? | Charlemagne helped protect him from his enemies. |
| In 800 what did Pope Leo III do? | crowned Charlemagne emperor; establishing that the pope had the power |
| What year did Louis I take the throne? | 814 |
| What did Louis I sons do? | Struggled among themselves for power |
| In 943 what did Louis I do? | They agreed to the Treaty of Verdun- splitting Charlemagnes empire into 3 parts |
| What did Benedict establish? | A new monastic life |
| In 529 what did Benedict do? | Organized a monastary in central Italy |
| What is the Benedict Rule? | Rules for monastic life adopted by nuns and monks |
| What did Benedict balance? | Prayer and work |
| Who was Otto the Great? | German king |
| Otto the Great increased his power by what? | Making alliances with other German nobles |
| In 962 what did Otto the Great do? | Persuaded pope to crown him emperor |
| Otto the Great created what? | Stable empire |
| Otto the Great did What? | Worked closely with the Church |
| What did Pope Gregory VII do in 1073? | Became pope in 1073 |
| Pope Gregory VII believed what | The emperor should not have power over the Church.- Only the pope should chose the bishops. |
| What did Pope Gregory VII issue? | List of rules declaring supreme authority over the Church and secular (non-church) leaders |
| Who did Pope Gregory VII excommunicated? | Henry IV |
| What emperor was Henry IV | Holy Roman emperor |
| Henry IV ignored what? | Pope Gregorys rules and tried to have him removed as pope, resulting in him being excommunicated. |
| Begged for 3 days that Henry IV do? | For the pope to forgive him. The pope did. |
| Henry IV forced what? | Pope out of Rome. |
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