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chapter 3: 2-6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solar system | the system consisting of the sun and the planets and other objects that revolve around it |
| astronomical unit | a unit of distance equal to the average distance between the earth and the sun, about 150 million killometers |
| planet | an object that orbits a star, is large enough to become rounded by its own gravity, and has cleared the area of its orbit |
| dwarf planet | an object that orbits the sun and is sherical, but has not cleared the area of its orbit |
| planetesimal | one of the small asteroid like bodies that formed the building blocks for planets |
| core | the central region of the sun where nuclear fusion takes place |
| nuclear fusion | the process of where two atomic nuclei combine to form a nucleus forming a heavier element and releasing huge amounts of energy the process of where energy is fromed by stars |
| radiation zone | a region of very tightly packed gas in the suns interior where energy is transferred mainly in the forms of electromatic radiation |
| convection zone | the outermost layer of the suns interior |
| photosphere | the inner layer of the suns atmosphere that gives off its visible light the suns surface |
| chromosphere | the middle layer of the suns atmosphere |
| corona | the outer layer of the suns atmosphere |
| solar wind | a stream of electicly charged particles that emendate from the suns corona |
| sunspot | a dark area of gas that is cooler than the surrounding gases |
| prominence | a huge reddish loop of gas that that protudes from the suns surface linking parts of sunspot |
| solar flare | an eruption of gas from the suns surface that occurs when the loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect |
| terrestrial planet | a name often given to the 4 main inner planets: mercury, Venus, earth, and mars |
| greenhouse effect | the trapping of heat near a planets surface by certain gases in the planets atmosphere |
| gas giant | the name often giving to the outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and neptune |
| ring | a thin disk of thin ice and rock particles surrounding a planet |
| asteroid belt | the region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where many asteroids are found |
| kuiper belt | a region where many small objects orbit the sun and that stretches from beyond the orbit of Neptune to about 100 times earths distance from the sun |
| oort cloud | a spherical region of comets that surround the solar system |
| comet | a loose connection of ice and dust that orbits the sun, typically in a long, narrow orbit |
| coma | the fuzzy outer layer of a comet |
| nucleus | the solid inner core of a comet |
| asteroid | one of the rocky objects revolving around the sun that are to small and numerous to be considered planets |
| meteoroid | a chunk of rock in space, generally smaller than an asteroid |
| meteor | a streak of light produced by burning of a meteoroid in earths atmosphere |
| meteorite | a meteoroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits earths surface |
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