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chapter 3:
the solar system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| geocentric | term describing a model of the universe in which earth is at the center of the revolving planets and stars |
| heliocentric | term describing a model of the solar system in which earth and the other planets revolve around the sun |
| eclipse | the partial or total blocking of one object in space by another |
| solar system | the system consisting of the sun and the planets and other objects that revolve around it |
| astronomical unit | a unit of distance equal to the average distance between Earth and sun, about 150 million kilometers |
| planet | an object that orbits a star, is large enough to have become rounded by its own gravity, and has cleared the area of its orbit. |
| dwarf planet | an object that orbits the sun and is spherical, but has not cleared the area of its orbit |
| planetesimal | one of the small asteroid-like bodies that formed the building blocks of the planets. |
| core | the central region of the sun, where nuclear fusion takes place. |
| nuclear fusion | the process in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus,forming a heavier element and releasing huge amounts of energy;the process by which energy is produced in stars |
| radiation zone | a region of very tightly packed gas in the suns interior where energy is transferred mainly in the form of electromagnetic radiation. |
| convection zone | the outermost layer of the suns interior |
| photosphere | the inner layer of the suns atmosphere that gives off its visible light; the suns surface |
| chromosphere | the middle layer of the suns atmosphere |
| corona | the outer layer of the suns atmosphere |
| solar wind | a stream of electrically charged particle that emanate from the suns corona |
| sunspot | a dark area of gas on the suns surface that is cooler than surrounding gases |
| promience | a huge, reddish loop of gas that protrudes from the suns surface, linking parts of sunspot regions |
| solar flare | an eruption of gas from the suns surface that occurs when the loops in the sunspot regions suddenly occur |
| terrestrial planet | the name often given to the four inner planets: mercury,Venus,earth, and mars |
| greenhouse effect | the trapping of heat near a planets surface by certain gases in the planets atmosphere |
| gas giant | the name often given to the outer planets: Jupiter,Saturn, Uranus,and neptune |
| ring | a thin disk of small ice and rock particles surrounding a planet |
| asteroid belt | the regions of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and jupiter, where mantle asteroids are found. |
| kuiper belt | a region where many small objects orbit the sun and that streches from beyond the orbit of Neptune to about 100 times Earth's distance from the sun |
| Oort cloud | a spherical region of comets that surrounds the solar system |
| comet | a loose collection of ice and dust that orbits the sun, typically in a long, narrow orbit |
| coma | the fuzzy outer layer of a comet |
| nucleus | In cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of the DNA and and controls many of the cell's activites |
| asteroid | One of the rocky objects revolving around the sun that are too small and numerous to be considered planets |
| meteroroid | A chunk of rock or dusk in space, smaller than an astroid |
| meteor | A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteorid I Earth's atmosphere |
| meterorite | A Metroroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits Earth's surface |
Created by:
mia kovalchik