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science 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solar system | the system consisting of the sun the planets and other objects moving around it |
| planet | an object that orbits a star, is large enough to become rounded by its own gravity, and has cleared the way for its orbit |
| dwarf planet | an object that orbits the sun and is spherical, but has not cleared a way for its orbit |
| planetesimal | one of the small-astroid like boodies that formed the building blocks of the planet |
| astronomical unit | a unit of distance equal to the average distance between earth and the sun, about 150 million killometers |
| core | the central region of the sun where nuclear fusion takes place |
| nuclear fusion | the process in which two atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucules forming a heavier element and realizing huge amounts of energy the process by which energy is produced in stars. |
| radiation zone | a region of very tightly packed gas in the suns interior where energy is transferred mainly in the form of electromagnetic radiation |
| convection zone | the outermost layer of the suns interior |
| photosphere | the inner layer of the suns atmosphere that gives off visible light the suns surface |
| chromosphere | the middle layer of the suns atmosphere |
| corona | the outer layer of the suns atmosphere |
| solar wind | a stream of electricity charged particles that emanate from the suns corona |
| sunspot | a dark area of gas on the suns surface that is cooler than the surrounding gas |
| prominence | a huge reddish loop of gas that protrudes from the suns surface linking parts of sunspot regions |
| solar flare | an eruption of gas from the suns surface that occurs when the loop in sunspot regions suddenly connect |
| terrestrial planet | the name often given to the four inner planets mercury Venus earth and mars |
| green house effect | the trapping of heat near a planets surface by certain glasses in the planets atmosphere |
| gas giant | the name often given to the outer planets Jupiter Saturn Uranus and neptune |
| ring | a thin disk of small ice and rock particales surrounding a planet |
| asteroid belt | the region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and jupiter |
| oort cloud | a spherical region of comets that surrounds the solar system |
| coma | the fuzzy outer layer of a comet |
| comet | a loose collection of ice and dust that orbits the sun typically in a long narrow orbit |
| kuiper belt | a region where many small objects orbit the sun that stretches beyond the orbit of Neptune to about 100 times earths distance from the sun |
| nucleus | the solid inner core of a comet |
| asteroid | on of the rocky objects revolving around the sun too small and numorus to be a planet |
| meteroid | a chunk of small rock or dust in space generally smaller than an asteroid |
| meteor | a streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in earths atmosphere |
| meteroite | a meteroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits earth |
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