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Cold War Pt 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| containment-what is it and how is it related to Vietnam | the idea that we should keep communism from spreading, and this happened in the Vietnam war because the North was already communist and we wanted to keep the south free |
| domino theory- what is it and how does it relate to Vietnam | if one nation falls to communism, then the other ones around it will fall to communism too, this relates to Vietnam because we thought that if Vietnam fell to communism, that Laos, Cambodia, and other neighboring countries would also fall |
| French Involvement in Vietnam- when, how long, and why | around 100 years from mid 1800's to 1954, dominated Indo-China, used it to exploit the area of resources and compete with other European powers, and to spread Christianity |
| Geneva Accords: what does this accomplish | it temporarily divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel, ending the First Indochina War and French Colonial rule in 1954 |
| Eisenhower vs. Truman Doctrines | Truman focused on economic and financial aid, Eisenhower focused on military power |
| Hanoi: where it is, significance | capital of North Vietnam and the center of the North Vietnam war effort, and we bombed it several times |
| Saigon: where it is, significance | was in South Vietnam and was considered the most secure city in all of Vietnam at the time, but North Vietnam attacked it and destroyed the American Embassy there as well, causing the fall of Saigon and contributing to us losing the war |
| Gulf of Tonkin Incident: when, what happened, and significance on the war | August 2nd, 1964, we thought that North Vietnam had attacked us because we had U.S ships in the water in the Gulf of Tonkin and their sonar picked up that there were underwater missiles coming toward us, but it was false and got us involved in the war |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resoulution: what it acheived/allowed in American govt. | it allowed Lyndon B. Johnson to attack Vietnam without the input of Congress |
| how many americans served in Vietnam | 3.4 million |
| battlefield conditions in Vietnam | disease (dystentery, malaria, trench foot;...), danger (guerilla warfare, Vietcong, jungle warfare), monotony during the day, and lack of support |
| guerilla warfare: how this is conducted, who participated in this type of fighting | where there will be surprise attacks, they will blend in like civilians, and use civilians as shields and attack at night, North Vietnam participated in this type of fighting |
| Viet Cong Advantages over americans | familiar with the terrain, protected by supporters in Laos and Cambodia, support of the local population, underground tunnels, Ho Chi Minh Trail, and Americans couldn't tell who was an enemy or friend |
| punji traps: purpose, who utilized this weapon | camouflaged pit with razor sharp stakes and poison tips, used by Viet Cong |
| land mine: purpose, who utilized this weapon | explosive device planted in the ground, used by everyone in the war |
| saturation bombing: purpose, who used this weapon | where you extensively bomb one specific area to take away all of their defense and resources, used by USA |
| fragmentation bombs: purpose, who used this weapon | a bomb that when exploded, released metal casings in all directions, purpose was to attack personnel and equippment, used by USA |
| Agent Orange: purpose, who used this weapon | herbicide, kills dense foliage, mainly used by US, CAUSES MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEMS |
| napalm: purpose, who used this weapon | jelly-like substance that burned uncontrollably, purpose was to burn through the jungle so we could see where the enemy was, used by USA |
| Ho Chi Minh Trail: what is this, why is it so significant to the war in Vietnam | it is a trail going from Ho Chi Minh city in North Vietnam, through Laos and Cambodia into South Vietnam, and it was their way to get supplies and support from the locals, it gave them an unfair advantage |
| define: Hawk | pro-Vietnam war |
| define: Dove | anti-Vietnam war |
| Tet Offensive: what was this, who conducted operation, what did it accomplish | a massive attack organized by the North and Viet Cong, surprise attack on major cities including Saigon (happened during a truce for Tet, or Vietnamese New Year), it was supposed to weaken the US and the South because of the surprise of the attack |
| My Lai: what happened here, how many Viets were killed, fallout from massacre | Americans assumed that there were 250 Viet Cong in the town of My Lai, and they killed around 400 Vietnamese citizens that were innocent (women, children, old men) and it caused outrage in the US govt, and Lt. William Calley was put in prison 4 war crime |
| Vietnamization: who developed this policy, how does this policy work? | Nixon, and it works by the US training the South Vietnamese to fight on their own, and slowly pulling away our military from the country |
| Who were the US war presidents for Vietnam | Dwight D. Eisenhower, JFK, Lyndon B. Johnson, Nixon, and Gerald Ford |
| what were the general provisions of the peace talks in Paris, 1973? | -US would release troops within 60 days -all POWs released -an end to military activities in Laos and Cambodia -17th parallel was dividing line until reunification |
| Vietnam legacy: how may Americans died, cost of the war, American attitudes toward govt/war | 58,000 died, cost &173,000,000,000+, America was left divided by anti-war groups and people didn't trust the govt, were also divided on the War Powers Act |
| Berlin Wall: why was it built, who ordered its construction, what did it symbolize, what does Ich bin ein Berliner translate to in Enlglish | it was built to keep the East Berliners in because they were all leaving, it symbolizes the wall between the free and the oppressed, translates to "I am a Berliner" |
| what is the symbolic meaning of Ich bin ein Berliner, who made this statement, under which presidential administration does the wall fall | it shows our continued support to Berlin and that we are all in this together in the fight against communism, JFK made it, wall fell under H.W. Bush |
| Nixon Doctrine | honor treaty commitments, provide a shield of nuclear power to any allied/threatened nation, offer military/economic aid to allies, Vietnamization |
| define detente; where was detente used | the period of eased relations between the US and USSR (1967-1979), examples include SALT 1 and SALT 2 treaties, Helenski Acts, relations between China and US |
| why was Nixon's visit to China significant | it ended 25 years of isolation between the US and China, and it reduced Cold War tensions |
| SALT 1 | Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, freezing number of nuclear weapons in the US and USSR, reducing cold war tensions through detente |
| purpose of the Helenski Accords | reduced cold war tensions between Soviets and the west by garunteeing acceptance of post-WW2 borders and promoting human rights |
| Pres. Carter's policies and reactions to the Soviet Union | initially pursued detente, then did SALT 2 treaty (for strategic limiting of weapons, was then removed after the invasion of Afghanistan), Carter was confrontational about Afghanistan, spread a boycott of 1980 Moscow Olympics, halted grain sales |
| Iran Hostage Crisis; who gained control of Iran in 1979, how many Americans were taken hostage by the Iranians, how long were they held captive | Ayatollah gained control, 52 American Hostages, held captive for 444 days |
| was Carter sucessful in freeing the Americans, what impact did this have on the Carter Administration | he negotiated the release of the hostages, but they were not released during his presidency, which severely damaged his administration, and caused Ronald Reagan to win by a landslide in the election |
| perestroika | a policy of economic and government reconstruction instituted by Mikhail Gorbachev in the USSR in the 1980's |
| glasnost | a Soviet policy permitting open discussion of political and social issues and free dissemination of news and information |
| reasons for the collapse of the soviet union | Gorbachev allowed free speech (glasnost), which was negative to communism, the economy collapsed when they tried to change it (Perestroika), the Afghan-Soviet war, Chernobyl disaster, and ethnic conflicts |
| month, year that soviet union officially ended | December 1991 |
| reasons for major strains on the America-Chinese relationship in the late 1980's | the 1989 Tiananmen Square Crackdown (violent crackdown on pro-deomcracy protests in China), American arms sales to Taiwan |
| the Persian Gulf War; who fought one another, why did they fight, who won, why, how long was the war, and what was the operation called | US and coalition forces vs. Iraq, they fought becuase Iraq invaded Kuwait, US won because they had a superior military technology, the war was 42 days (October 1990-Feb 1991) and called operation Desert Storm |
| Carter Doctrine | weaken the USSR, and that any attempt by outside forces to gain control of the Persian Gulf would be repelled |
| US involvement in Vietnam through the 1950's | US provided aid to France in Vietnam to get their support for containment in Europe, after france lost, we through our support into south Vietnam |
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I'mtheAlpha