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Stack #4664405
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lingua franca | (ˌlɪŋ.ɡwə ˈfræŋ.kə) a common language used for communication between different language speakers |
| non-native speaker | (nɒn ˈneɪ.tɪv ˈspiː.kər) someone who speaks a language not learned from birth |
| native speaker | (ˈneɪ.tɪv ˈspiː.kər) someone who has spoken a language since early childhood |
| mutual intelligibility | (ˈmjuː.tʃu.əl ɪnˌtel.ɪ.dʒəˈbɪl.ə.ti) the ability of speakers to understand each other |
| to conform to native-speaker ways | (kənˈfɔːm) to follow the standards of first-language speakers |
| idiomatic language | (ˌɪd.i.əˈmæt.ɪk ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪdʒ) expressions whose meaning is not literal |
| uncountable nouns | (ʌnˈkaʊn.tə.bəl naʊnz) nouns that cannot be pluralized (e.g., information) |
| third-person singular 's' | (θɜːd ˈpɜː.sən ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lər) the -s ending on verbs for he/she/it |
| the 'th' sound | (θ or ð) the voiced and unvoiced dental fricatives |
| Received Pronunciation (RP) | (rɪˈsiːvd prəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən) the standard British accent |
| regional accents | (ˈriː.dʒən.əl ˈæk.sents) pronunciation patterns specific to geographic areas |
| Glaswegian | (ɡlæzˈwiː.dʒən) relating to Glasgow, Scotland |
| Geordie | (ˈdʒɔː.di) the dialect/accent of Newcastle upon Tyne |
| to decipher | (dɪˈsaɪ.fər) to succeed in understanding something difficult |
| obscure allusions | (əbˈskjʊər əˈluː.ʒənz) indirect references that are hard to understand |
| recurring mistake | (rɪˈkɜː.rɪŋ mɪˈsteɪk) an error that happens repeatedly |
| fluency | (ˈfluː.ən.si) the ability to speak easily and smoothly |
| nursery rhymes | (ˈnɜː.sər.i raɪmz) simple traditional songs or poems for children |
| anecdote | (ˈæn.ɪk.dəʊt) a short, amusing story about a real incident |
| phrasal verb | (ˌfreɪ.zəl ˈvɜːb) a verb combined with a preposition/adverb (e.g., carry on) |
| idiom / idiomatic expression | (ˈɪd.i.əm / ˌɪd.i.əˈmæt.ɪk ɪkˈspreʃ.ən) a phrase with non-literal meaning |
| exposure | (ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒər) the amount of contact with a language |
| immersion | (ɪˈmɜː.ʃən) surrounding yourself completely with a language |
| the 2-Minute Rule | (tuː ˈmɪn.ɪt ruːl) committing to just 2 minutes to overcome inertia |
| input hypothesis | (ˈɪn.pʊt haɪˈpɒθ.ə.sɪs) learning through material slightly above your level |
| spaced repetition systems (SRS) | (speɪst ˌrep.əˈtɪʃ.ən ˈsɪs.təmz) flashcard systems that time reviews optimally |
| mnemonic devices | (nɪˈmɒn.ɪk dɪˈvaɪ.sɪz) memory aids linking new information to known concepts |
| Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule) | (pæˈreɪ.təʊ ˈprɪn.sə.pəl) 80% of results come from 20% of efforts |
| high-frequency vocabulary | (haɪ ˈfriː.kwən.si vəˈkæb.jə.lər.i) the most common words in a language |
| phraseological units | (ˌfreɪ.zi.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl ˈjuː.nɪts) fixed expressions or multi-word phrases |
| consistency over intensity | (kənˈsɪs.tən.si ˈəʊ.vər ɪnˈten.sɪ.ti) daily small practice beats long rare sessions |
| active production | (ˈæk.tɪv prəˈdʌk.ʃən) speaking or writing, not just listening or reading |
| passive recognition | (ˈpæs.ɪv ˌrek.əɡˈnɪʃ.ən) understanding without producing |
| interleaving | (ˌɪn.təˈliː.vɪŋ) mixing different subjects or languages in study |
| growth mindset | (ɡrəʊθ ˈmaɪnd.set) the belief that ability can be developed through effort |
| plateau effect | (ˈplæt.əʊ ɪˈfekt) a period where progress seems to stop |
| to fail fast | (feɪl fɑːst) learning by making mistakes quickly and correcting them |
| to open up a world of opportunities | (ˈəʊ.pən ʌp ə wɜːld əv ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.tiz) to create many new career possibilities |
| to set you apart from other applicants | (set juː əˈpɑːt) to make you different and better than others |
| cognitive benefits | (ˈkɒɡ.nə.tɪv ˈben.ɪ.fɪts) mental advantages like better memory |
| age-related cognitive decline | (eɪdʒ rɪˈleɪ.tɪd ˈkɒɡ.nə.tɪv dɪˈklaɪn) worsening of mental function with age |
| cross-cultural friendships | (krɒs ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl ˈfrend.ʃɪps) relationships with people from different backgrounds |
| a pang of regret | (pæŋ əv rɪˈɡret) a sudden sharp feeling of sadness or disappointment |
| to get an outsider's perspective | (ˌaʊtˈsaɪ.dəz pəˈspek.tɪv) to see your own culture from an external view |
| to be a rare breed | (biː ə reə briːd) to be an unusual type of person |
| to be monolingual | (ˌmɒn.əʊˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl) speaking only one language |
| to pull a fast one | (pʊl ə fɑːst wʌn) to trick or deceive someone |
| language hacks | (ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪdʒ hæks) clever techniques to learn more efficiently |
| trial and error | (traɪəl ənd ˈer.ər) learning by trying and making mistakes |
| to hit the ground running | (hɪt ðə ɡraʊnd ˈrʌn.ɪŋ) to start and immediately make good progress |
| polyglotism | (pɒl.iˈɡlɒt.ɪ.zəm) the ability to speak many languages |
| to conquer your fear of looking stupid | (ˈkɒŋ.kər jɔː fɪər əv ˈlʊk.ɪŋ ˈstjuː.pɪd) to overcome the anxiety of making errors |
| to shed your inhibitions | (ʃed jɔːr ˌɪn.hɪˈbɪʃ.ənz) to lose your self-conscious restraints |
| to bring out your inner Mr Spock | (brɪŋ aʊt jɔːr ˈɪn.ər mɪs.tər spɒk) to become more logical and less emotional |
| emotional bias | (ɪˈməʊ.ʃən.əl ˈbaɪ.əs) a tendency based on feelings, not logic |
| live long and prosper | (lɪv lɒŋ ənd ˈprɒs.pər) the Vulcan blessing from Star Trek |
| lost in translation | (lɒst ɪn trænzˈleɪ.ʃən) nuances that disappear when translated |
| the sticker price | (ðə ˈstɪk.ər praɪs) the official price before bargaining |
| dubbing | (ˈdʌb.ɪŋ) replacing original voice tracks with translated audio |
| subtitles | (ˈsʌbˌtaɪ.təlz) translated text displayed on screen |
| embarrassed | (ɪmˈbær.əst) feeling self-conscious, ashamed, or awkward |
| universal | (ˌjuː.nɪˈvɜː.səl) applicable everywhere or to everyone |
| to borrow (linguistics) | (ˈbɒr.əʊ) when a word is taken from another language |
| rare | (reər) not occurring very often; uncommon |
| to be spoilt | (spɔɪlt) allowed to do or have anything, often with bad effects |
| to scold | (skəʊld) to criticize angrily a child who has done something wrong |
| effective | (ɪˈfek.tɪv) producing the intended result |
| to distinguish right from wrong | (dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ) to tell the difference between good and bad |
| to reward | (rɪˈwɔːd) to give something for good behaviour |
| conceited | (kənˈsiː.tɪd) too proud of yourself |
| tolerant | (ˈtɒl.ər.ənt) accepting of different beliefs and ways |
| importance | (ɪmˈpɔː.təns) the quality of being significant |
| imitation | (ˌɪm.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən) copying someone's behaviour |
| there are far more non-native speakers than native speakers | (fɑː mɔː ˌnɒn ˈneɪ.tɪv ˈspiː.kəz ðən ˈneɪ.tɪv ˈspiː.kəz) approximately 1.5 billion vs 350 million |
| 80% of computer data is stored in English | (ˈeɪ.ti pəˈsent əv kəmˈpjuː.tə ˈdeɪ.tə ɪz stɔːd ɪn ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ) statistic about English dominance online |
| 20,000 English words spread into other languages yearly | (ˈtwen.ti ˈθaʊ.zənd ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ wɜːdz spred) the rate of English lexical influence |
| special simplified forms | (ˈspeʃ.əl ˈsɪm.plɪ.faɪd fɔːmz) air-speak, police-speak for specific professions |
| grammar variation among native speakers | (ˈɡræm.ər ˌveə.riˈeɪ.ʃən) differences like "we was" in local dialects |
| (ˈʃeɪk.spɪəz ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ) "nice" meant "foolish" in the 16th century |
Created by:
peribor