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unit 1 bio2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by | increasing peripheral resistance. |
| If a vaccine is given to most people in a population, it can halt an infection because of | herd immunity. |
| ABO blood type is determined by: | A and B antigens on RBC membranes |
| In the context of blood physiology, a patient has elevated neutrophils and fever. The most likely cause is: | Bacterial infection |
| The enzyme that dissolves fibrin strands is: | Plasmin |
| Natural killer (NK) cells are most important in defense against | Viruses and cancer cells |
| Name the layers of the heart from the inside out. | Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium |
| Platelets adhere best when vessel collagen is exposed and: | von Willebrand factor is present |
| The enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin is: | Thrombin |
| T lymphocytes are responsible for | cell-mediated immunity. |
| The first WBCs commonly arriving at an infection site are: | Neutrophils |
| A differential WBC count reports: | Percentages of different leukocyte types |
| Mature RBCs lack nuclei, which means they: | Cannot divide |
| Circulation is vital because it | supplies oxygen and nutrients to and removes wastes from tissues. |
| Which of the following gases does endothelium release? | Nitric oxide |
| In the context of blood physiology, a patient has bruising and prolonged bleeding time after injury. Which deficit is most likely? | Low platelets or impaired platelet function |
| due to an aging cardiovascular system? | The tunica interna thickens. |
| A clot that forms and remains in a vessel is a: | Thrombus |
| A dangerous complication of DVT is: | Pulmonary embolism |
| Which of the following is most life threatening? | Ventricular fibrillation |
| T lymphocytes are important for: | Direct cellular attack on infected/tumor cells |
| Leukocytosis means: | High WBC count |
| A patient receives incompatible blood and experiences pain and breathing difficulty. This indicates: | A transfusion reaction due to agglutination |
| Aging of the lymphatic system begins | before birth. |
| The largest component of plasma by percentage is: | Water |
| Platelets contribute to hemostasis mainly by: | Forming a platelet plug at damaged sites |
| A common endogenous anticoagulant that inactivates thrombin is: | Antithrombin |
| The biconcave shape of RBCs is advantageous because it: | Increases surface area for gas exchange |
| The main function of leukocytes is to: | Protect against disease |
| A clot traveling through the bloodstream is called a(n): | Embolus |
| Heliobacter pylori is a species of bacteria that causes stomach ulcers. It does this by burrowing into the mucosal lining of the stomach and degrading it to form a hole. By doing so, what type of innate defense is it overcoming? | Mechanical barriers |
| Positive chemotaxis is: | WBC movement toward chemical signals |
| Leukemia is best described as: | : Cancer involving abnormal WBCs |
| A patient has low oxygen-carrying capacity due to decreased hemoglobin. The likely diagnosis is: (quiz form)? | Anemia |
| Low-grade fever is an effective defense for short periods of time because it | increases temperature, which slows the growth of bacteria. |
| A person is Rh- and becomes sensitized after exposure. A later exposure to Rh+ blood can cause: (quiz form)? | Agglutination and hemolysis |
| Which statement best answers: A patient has bruising and prolonged bleeding time after injury. Which deficit is most likely? | Low platelets or impaired platelet function |
| One major symptom of Hodgkin’s lymphoma is noticeable swelling of lymph nodes in the axillary, thoracic, and cervical regions. Which of the following does not reflect where you expect to find swellings? | The hands |
| A pump is attached to the common carotid artery and red ink is pumped in. Which structures of the body will show the red ink? | The neck and the head |
| The primary role of hemoglobin is to: | Transport oxygen |
| Type AB is considered a universal RBC recipient because it: | Lacks anti-A and anti-B antibodies |
| Monocytes are important because they can become: | Macrophages in tissues |
| Plasma proteins in capillaries help to | maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood. |
| The extrinsic pathway is initiated primarily by: | Tissue damage (tissue factor) |
| A transplant recipient rejects a transplanted organ because her __________ does not match that of the donor closely enough. | major histocompatibility complex |
| Select the best option about: A patient has bruising and prolonged bleeding time after injury. Which deficit is most likely. | Low platelets or impaired platelet function |
| Which of the following layers of the heart and their functions are correctly matched? | Myocardium—cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers |
| A clot that travels in the bloodstream is a: | Embolus |
| A person warming up after being cold feels a warm rush as blood flows quickly to the peripheral appendages. Nitric oxide is important in this situation because it | relaxes the smooth muscle in the blood vessel wall. |
| relaxes the smooth muscle in the blood vessel wall. | Distributing heat throughout the body |
| Hematopoiesis refers to: | Formation of the formed elements of blood |
| After an infection, many dead and fragmented bacterial cells must be filtered from the body. Which of the following cells will clear out the cell debris? | Macrophages |
| A patient has elevated neutrophils and fever. The most likely cause is: ? | Bacterial infection |
| Electrolytes are important in plasma because they: | Conduct electricity when ionized |
| Listening with a stethoscope just to the right near the lower end of the sternum, sounds come most distinctly from the | tricuspid valve. |
| Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through the: | Aortic semilunar valve |
| A virus differs from other pathogens in that it is | not capable of reproduction outside a living cell. |
| A buildup of bilirubin is most likely associated with | Increased breakdown of hemoglobin or impaired clearance |
| Myeloid stem cells can give rise to: | RBCs, platelets, and most WBCs |
| A clot dissolving too slowly may increase risk of vessel blockage. The key process involved is: | Fibrinolysis |
| In the arterial disease atherosclerosis, | risk of a thrombus or embolus forming increases. |
| Impulses that the vagus nerve carries to the heart | are parasympathetic and decrease heart rate. |
| A person’s cardiac tissue can be damaged due to what type of immune response? | Autoimmunity |
| Leukopenia means: | Low WBC count |
| Anti-Rh antibodies are an example of what class of immunoglobulin? | IgG |
| The intrinsic pathway can begin when blood contacts: | Exposed collagen/foreign surfaces |
| A vaccine against HIV | may be impossible due to the variability and diversity of HIV. |
Created by:
Kaylee3232!