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Stack #4664392
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where did the term Hindu evolve from | People who lived beyond the Indus River Valley |
| What is Dharma | cosmic order, righteousness, duty, law, and virtue that upholds the universe, includes karma and rebirth |
| What are the theories explaining the arrival Aryans to the indus river valley | Migration/ invasion, or cultural transformation |
| Characteristics of Indo-Aryans | nomadic, war like, reveared the horse, emphasized religous sacrifice |
| Language of the Indo- Aryans | Sanskirt |
| Indo aryan three part society structure | Preists(Brahmins), Warriors(Kshatriyas), Farmers(Vaishyas) |
| What are the veda, what are they regarded as | The sacred texts (oldest), regarded as shruti |
| What is Shruti | divinely revealed scriptures in Hinduism, believed to be eternal truths heard by ancient sages |
| What are the four Vedas | Rig, Sama, Yajur, Atharva |
| What is the Rig Veda | Oldest and most important, most popular gods: Indra, Varuna, Agni |
| What is the Sama Veda | Music from hyms in Rig for chants, trained musicians to use during sacrifice |
| What is the Yajur Veda | Ritual formulas used by preists, instructions for rituals |
| What is the Atharva Veda | Magic spells, incantations for healing, ward of demons, harm enemies |
| What are devas | Shining one, celestial beings existing in realms of sky, atmosphere, and earth |
| What are Asuras | antigods who opposed the more benevolent devas |
| The Brahmins | Highest ranking/ most prominent class of preists |
| What is offered in ritual sacrifices in the rig veda | Ghee, animals, grain, soma |
| What are the four elements of a Vedic ritual sacrifice | Offering, fire, chanting, gestures |
| What is the purpose of a ritual sacrifice | Strengthen the devas, sustain cosmic order |
| What was the earliest Vedic ritual | Agnihotra |
| Who are the gods of the Rig Veda | Idra, Varuna, Agni |
| Who is Indra | Ruler of atmosphere, monsoons and thunderbolt, god of war |
| Who is Varuna | God of Sky, natural and moral order, Judged humans for their wrongdoings |
| Who is Agni | God of fire, removes sin and guilt, mediator betwee humans and god, god of earth |
| What are the Brahmanas | Chapter two of Shruti literature, explains the vedas |
| What do the Brahmanas contain | direcitons for preists, Rituals, shrauta rites, The Devu manu |
| What are the four vedic rituals | Shrauta, Grihya, Shaddha, Athavan |
| What is Shrauta ritual | public rituals, agnihotra, community needs |
| Griya ritual | Domestic rituals, daily prayers, marriges, funerals |
| Shraddha Ritual | Honor ascestors, preformed by oldest son |
| Atharvan Ritual | Magic charm rituals |
| Varuna's noose | It represents the knots of worldly entanglement and the consequences of actions (karma). |
| Indra's Curse | These curses represent the consequences of losing control over pride (ego) and lust, showing that even deities are not exempt from karma and punishment |
| What are the Upanishads | Literature focusing on inner self and the one source of spiritual reality |
| What is the atman | Inner self, true essence of all things in the Upannishads |
| Maya | Maya means illusion, the material world is Maya |
| Law of Karma | law of cause and effect, cultivation of moral character |
| Samsara | Cycle of birth, death, and rebirth |
| Moshka | Release from samsara |
| How to acheive Moksha | Yoga, Ascetism (physical discipline), instruction with a guru |
| What is Smriti Literature | Literature based on vedas but not considered to be revealed, emphasized social obligation sans devotional rituals |
| hree parts of Smirti Literature | Puranas, Epics, Dharma Shastras |
| Puranias | legends/old stories, introduces new gods and goddess |
| Epics | Mahabharata and Ramayana |
| Dharma Shastras | Law of Manu, emphasizes social dharma |
| Trimuri | Three forms: Vishnu, Shiva, Brahma |
| Vishnu | Associated with cosmic order, infinity of forms, many manifestations |
| Shiva | god of distruction/creation, |
| Brahma | The creator, assosciated with creative energy and cyclic time |
| Avatars of Vishnu | Matsya, Krishna, Rama, |
| Krishna | Has a flute, mischievous, attractive/lovable, cattle, butter |
| Roma | Bow and quiver, the ideal upholder of dharma |
| Lakshimi | Thriving, prosperity, elephants, brings wellbeing |
| Shiva | cobras, trident, snake, lingdum (drum), om-mantra, grey, medatator known for renewel and rebirth |
| Ganesha | Elephant head, remover of opstacles, candy, mice |
| Kali and Durga | fierce protectors, strong against evil, mothers |
| Sasvati | assosciation with art and language |
| Devotional practices in puranas | Village observances, pilgrimage, puja ritual |
Created by:
SadieSchaefer