click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 5 part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Health psychology | a subfield of psychology that explores the impact of psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors on health and wellness. |
| psychoneuroimmunology | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect our immune system and resulting health. |
| stress | the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging. |
| approach and avoidance motives | the drive to move toward (approach) or away from (avoid) a stimulus. |
| general adaptation syndrome (GAS) | Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases — alarm, resistance, exhaustion. |
| tend-and-befriend response | under stress, people (especially women) may nurture themselves and others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend). |
| coronary heart disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developed countries. |
| type A | Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people. |
| Type B | Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people. |
| catharsis | in psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges. |
| coping | alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods. |
| problem-focused coping | attempting to alleviate stress directly — by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor. |
| emotion-focused coping | attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction. |
| personal control | our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless. |
| learned helplessness | the hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. |
| external locus of control | the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate. |
| internal locus of control | the perception that we control our own fate. |
| self-control | the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards. |
| positive psychology | the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of promoting strengths and virtues that foster well-being, resilience, and positive emotions, and that help individuals and communities to thrive. |
| subjective well-being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life. |
| feel-good, do-good phenomenon | people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood. |
| adaptation-level phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience. |
| relative deprivation | the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves. |
| broaden-and-build theory | proposes that positive emotions broaden our awareness, which over time helps us build novel and meaningful skills and resilience that improve well-being. |
| character strengths and virtues | a classification system to identify positive traits; organized into categories of wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence. |
| resilience | the personal strength that helps people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma. |
| aerobic exercise | sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety. |
| mindfulness meditation | a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner. |
| gratitude | an appreciative emotion people often experience when they benefit from other’s actions or recognize their own good fortune. |