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Chapter 9 muscular
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fascia | a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that encloses a muscle |
| Tendon | a cordlike or band like mass of white fibrous connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone |
| Aponeuroses | a sheet of connective tissue by which certain muscles are attached to adjacent muscles |
| Sarcoplemma | the cell membrane of a muscle fiber |
| Sarcoplasm | the cytoplasm within a muscle fiber |
| Myofibrils | contractile fibers within muscle cells |
| Myosin | a protein that, with actin, contracts and relaxes muscle fibers |
| Actin | a protein in a muscle fiber that, together with myosin, is responsible for contracting and relaxation |
| Sarcomere | the structural and functional unit of amyofibril |
| Troponin | protein that functions with tropomyosin to block muscle contraction until calcium ions are present |
| Tropomyosin | protein that blocks muscle contraction until calcium ions are present |
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | membranous network of channels and tubules within a muscle fiber, corresponding to the endoplasmic recticulum of other cells |
| neuromuscular junction | point of contact between a nerve cell and muscle cell |
| Motor end plate | specialized portion of a muscle fiber membrane at a neuromuscular junction |
| Synaptic cleft | a narrow extracellular space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons |
| Neurotransmitter | chemical that an axon ends secretes to stimulate a muscle fiber to contract or a neuron to fire an impulse |
| Sliding filament theory | muscles contract when the thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments move past each other, shortening the skeletal muscle cells |
| ATPase | enzyme that causes ATP molecules to release the energy stored in their terminal phosphate bonds |
| Acetylcholine | a type of neurotransmitter, which is a biochemical secreted at the axon ends of many neurons; transmits nerve impulses across synapses |
| Acetylcholinesterase | an enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine |
| Creatine phosphate | a muscle biochemical that stores energy |
| Myoglobin | a pigmented compound in muscle tissue that sores oxygen |
| Threshold stimulus | stimulation level that must be exceeded to elicit a nerve impulse or a muscle contraction |
| Myogram | a recording of a muscular contraction |
| Twitch | a brief muscular contraction followed by relaxation |
| Summation | increased force of contraction by a skeletal muscle fiber when twitches occur so rapidly that the next twitch occurs before the previous twitch relaxes |
| Tetanic contraction | continuous, forceful muscular contraction without relaxation |
| Recruitment | increase in number of motor units activated as intensity of stimulation increases |
| Isotonic contraction | muscular contraction in which the muscle length changes |
| Isometric contraction | muscular contraction in which the muscle length does not changes |
| Origin | the end of a muscle attached to an immovable part |
| Insertion | the end of a muscle attached to a movable part |
| Agonist | a prime mover |
| Synergists | a muscle that assists the action of a prime mover |
| antagonists | a muscle that acts in opposition to a prime mover |
Created by:
alyssapatt10