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categories
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| psychological disorders | neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenic spectrum disorders, depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, dissociative disorders, trauma & stressor-related disorders, feeding & eating disorders |
| neurodevelopmental disorders | conception to adolescents |
| types of neurodevelopmental disorders | -attention-deficit/ hyperactivity (ADHD) -autism spectrum disorders (ASD) |
| attention-deficit/ hyperactivity | ADHD. -ongoing problems paying attention to being impulsive -males more than females |
| autism spectrum disorders | ASD. -repeated behavior, challenges with social communication, heightened sensitivity to sensory input -mild to severe |
| possible causes for neurodevelopmental disorders | -ADHD: heredity, tertogens (smoking, alc, lead) -ASD: teratogens (pesticides, heavy metals), mom viral infection, older parental age (dad) |
| schizophrenic spectrum disorders | psychosis |
| positive vs negative symptoms of schizophrenia? | positive: change in behavior negative: withdraw from world, no interest (show no emotion) |
| types of schizophrenia | -delusions -hallucinations -disorganized thinking or speech -disorganized motor behavior -emotional reactions |
| delusions | (P) false beliefs |
| hallucinations | (P) false perceptions (visual and auditory) |
| disorganized thinking or speech | (P) -word salad |
| word salad | nonsensical jumble of words |
| disorganized motor behavior | -catatonia |
| catatonia | -excited byt unusual movement (P) -stupor |
| stupor | (N) strange positions or keeping still for long periods of time |
| emotional reactions | -flat affect (N) -could be highly inappropriate (laughing at funeral) |
| flat affect | (N) diminished emotional expression |
| causes of schizophrenia | -prenatal virus exposure: mom was sick w virus during prenatal growth -dopamine hypothesis: too much dopamine -diathesis stress model |
| depressive disorders | feelings of sadness, emptiness, fatigue, irratability |
| types of depressive disorders | -major depressive disorder -persistent depressive disorder |
| major depressive disorder | -tired, depressed most of the time, losing interest in activities, eating less, losing w8, sleeping poorly, feeling worthless/guilt, trouble focusing, suicidal thoughts -5 of these symptoms 2 wks or more -severe experience psychotic symptoms -diathesis |
| diathesis stress | environment triggered |
| persistent depressive disorder | (dysthymia) -lasted for at least 2 yrs -milder form of depression, no suicidal thoughts |
| causes of depressive disorders | -low serotonin and norepinephrine -genetic -cultural (socioeconomic status, minority groups_ -cognitive triad |
| bipolar disorders | swings between extreme depression and excitement |
| types of bipolar disorders | -bipolar 1 -bipolar 2 |
| bipolar 1 | episodes of depression and mania -mania |
| mania | abnormal, euphoric, elevated mood -"king of the world", quick speech |
| bipolar 2 | episodes of depression and hypomania -hypomania |
| hypomania | less severe mania |
| causes of bipolar disorders | -imbalance of serotonin and norepinephrine -genetic -stress |
| anxiety disorders | persistent thoughts of dread or fear and impending doom |
| types of anxiety disorders | -specific phobia -agoraphobia -panic disorder -social anxiety disorder -generalized anxiety disorder |
| specific phobia | irrational, debilitating fear of specific object or situation -aerophobia -arachnophobia |
| aerophobia | fear of heights |
| arachnophobia | fear of spiders |
| agoraphobia | fear of open, crowded, or enclosed spaces/ fear of being outside the safety or home |
| panic disorder | acute (sudden and intense) feeling of anxiety or fear -ataque de nervois |
| ataque de nervois | culture based panic attack associated with people of Caribbean, Puerto Ricans |
| social anxiety disorder | intense fear of being judged or watched by others -taijin kyofusho |
| taijin kyofusho | culture based social anxiety from ppl in Japan and Korea. fear of offending of displeasing others by one's appearance or bodily functions |
| generalized anxiety disorder | prolong feelings (6 months) of unspecified worry or unease. constant feeling of dread |
| causes of anxiety disorders | -learned associations (classical conditioning) -cognitive distortions (maladaptive thinking of the environment) -genetic predisposition -disruptions of serotonin and dopamine |
| obsessive-compulsive and related disorders | thoughts that cause distress that lead to behavior |
| types of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders | -obsessive compulsive disorder -hoarding |
| obsessive compulsive disorder | obsessions, compulsions |
| obsessions | thoughts |
| compulsions | behavior |
| hoarding | accumulates an excessive amt of things and stores them in a disorganized manner |
| causes of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders | -imbalance of serotonin, dopamine, glutamate -learned reinforcement -problematic thinking |
| dissociative disorders | feelings of disconnection |
| types of dissociative disorders | -dissociative amnesia -dissociative identity disorder |
| dissociative amnesia | can't remember past -with FUGE: unexpected travel, can't remember who they are, may create a new identity-eventually go back to where they started |
| dissociative identity disorder | multiple personalities, usually forget when personalities take over -usually a coping mechanism |
| causes of dissociative disorders | severe psychological trauma |
| trauma and stressor-related disorders | exposure to overwhelming traumatic events |
| type of trauma and stressor-related disorders | -post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
| post-traumatic stress disorder | (PTSD) -"shell shock" -uncontrollable flashbacls |
| causes of trauma and stressor-related disorders | -exposure to traumatic or stressful event |
| feeding and eating disorders | change in consumption of food that is harmful |
| types of feeding and eating disorders | -anorexia nervosa -bulimia nervosa |
| anorexia nervosa | intense fear of weight gain -intense weight loss with exercise -females, young adults |
| bulimia nervosa | binge eating, purging |
| causes of feeding and eating disorders | -disruptions in hypothalamus -genetics -cultural norms -distorted views of body image |
| personality disorders | (3 clusters) personality issues that lead to distress or impaired interactions with others |
| cluster A | odd/eccentric-social awkwardness -show patterns of paranoid, social isolation, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentric behaviors **PARANOID, SCHIZOID, SCHIZOTYPAL |
| paranoid | -distrust and suspicion of others' harmful intentions -lack of psychotic features -make interpersonal difficult |
| schizoid | -detachment from social relationships -limited range of emotional expression -often prefer solitary pursuits |
| schizotypal | -eccentric behavior and dress -magical thinking -perceptual distortions (seeing things that are not there) |
| cluster B | dramatic, emotional, or erratic-unstable relationships, attention seeking behavior -cause significant disruption, and even harm to others **ANTISOCIAL, HISTRIONIC, NARCISSISTIC, BORDERLINE |
| antisocial | -manipulative and deceitful -unable to feel remorse or guilt -associated with crime and positions of power |
| histrionic | -attention-seeking, often flamboyant, behavior -dramatic mood swings -shallow relationships |
| narcassistic | -sense of grandiosity and need for admiration -exaggerage accomplishments and seek validation -highly sensitive to perceived criticism |
| borderline | -unstable emotions -impulsive behaviors, including substance abuse and self harm -fear of adandonment and poor sense of self |
| cluster C | -anxious or fearful: inadequacy, submission, clinginess, hypersensitivity, and orderliness **AVOIDANT, DEPENDENT, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE |
| avoidant | -feelings of inadequacy -avoidance of social situations for fear of being judged -low self esteem |
| dependent | -excessive need to be taken care of, clingy -difficulty functioning independently -fear of rejection |
| obsessive-compulsive | -preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control -overly devoted to work -unable to delegate |
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