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Chapter 14
Learners with physical disabilities and other health impairments
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Congenital anomalies | An irregularity that is present at birth. |
| Acute | A serious state of illness or injury from which someone often recovers with treatment. |
| Chronic | A long lasting condition; not temporary. |
| Episodic | Occurring in episodes. |
| Progressive | A disease or condition that worsens over time and from which one seldom or nerve recovers with treatment. |
| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) | Injury to the brain resulting in total or particular disability or psychosocial maladjustment that effects educational performance. |
| Cerebral Palsy (CP) | A condition characterized by paralysis, weakness, lack of coordination, and/or other motor dysfunction. |
| Quadriplegia | A neurological condition in which all four limbs are paralyzed. |
| Paraplegia | A condition in which both legs are paralyzed. |
| hemiplegia | A neurological condition in which one half of the body is affected. |
| Spasticity | Characterized by muscle stiffness and problems in involuntary movement. |
| Choreoathetoid | Characterized by involuntary movements and difficulty with balance. |
| Atonic | Lack of muscle ton; floppiness |
| Seizure | A sudden alteration of consciousness, usually accompanied by motor activity and/or sensory phenomena. |
| Epilepsy | A pattern of repeated seizures. |
| Executive function | The ability to regulate one's behavior through working memory, inner speech, control of emotions and arousal levels, and analysis of problems and communication of problem solutions to others. |
| Adaptive behavior | The social and practical intelligence used in people's everyday lives. |
| Spina bifida | A congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close completely to close completely during fetal development. |
| Neural tube defect | Any defect involving the spinal cord. |
| Catheterization | Insertion of a tube into the organ of the body to inject a fluid or to withdraw a fluid such as urine from the bladder. |
| Muscular dystrophy | A hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers. |
| Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) | A systematic disease with major symptoms involving the muscles and joints. |
| Asthma | A lung disease characterized by episodic difficulty in breathing, particularly exhaling due to inflammation obstruction of the air passage. |
| Cystic fibrosis (CF) | An inherited disease affecting primarily the gastrointestinal tract and raspatory organs. |
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) | A virus-caused illness resulting in a breakdown of the immune system. |
| Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders | A range of disorders in children whose mothers consumed large quantities of alcohol during pregnancy. |
| Phenylketonuria | A metabolic genetic disorder caused by inability of the body to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. |
| Neurotoxins | A substance known to damage nerve cells. |
| Prosthesis | A device designed to replace, partially or completely, a part of the body. |
| orthosis | A device designed, partially or completely, a lost function of the body. |
| Adaptive devices | Special tools that are adaptations of common items to make accomplishing self-care, work, or recreation activities easier for people with physical disabilities. |
| Individualized family service plan (IFSP) | A plan mandated by PL 99-457 to provide services for young children with disabilities and their families. |
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