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microbio unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The scientific study of disease | pathology |
| The cause of a disease | etiology |
| The ability of a pathogen to produce a disease by overcoming the defenses of the host | pathogenicity |
| Ld50 | the amount of a pathogen or toxin required to kill 50% of a test population |
| id50 | median infectious dose required to cause active infection in 50% of a test population |
| virulence | Describes just how good a pathogen is at overcoming host defenses |
| The development (or progression) of a disease | pathogenesis |
| Koch’s postulates | Criteria for establishing that specific microbes cause specific diseases |
| Sporadic diseases | diseases that occur rarely |
| endemic disease | constantly present in population |
| epidemic | rapid widespread increase in a disease |
| subclinical disease | a disease that is active but asymptomatic |
| A disease that is relatively severe but of short duration | acute |
| reservoir | continuous source of infection |
| Nosocomial infections | infections acquired in a hospital |
| The period when the first mild signs and symptoms appear | predromal |
| The period when the signs and symptoms subside | period of decline |
| period when health is restored | period of convalescence |
| Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) | endotoxin |
| vasodilation | source of heat and redness during inflammation |
| Edema | the accumulation of fluid (swelling) in tissues caused by increased vascular permeability |
| Interleukin-1 | a family of cytokines that regulates immunity and can induce inflammation and fever |
| opsonization | pathogens or dead cells are coated with proteins marking them for destruction |
| cytolysis | bursting of a cell caused by an influx of water |
| effector cells | T, B, and NK cells |
| plasma cell | cell that produces antibodies |
| cell-mediated immunity | adaptive immune response that doesnt involve antigens |
| T cells that secrete Il-2 and stimulate B-cells, other T-cells, and even macrophages | helper T-cells |
| Agglutination | antibodies sticking together cells |
| Precipitation | antibodies sticking together toxins and particles |
| IgA | saturates the body fluids and mucosa, can't activate the complement system, found as a dimer |
| IgM | large, unrefined, and short lived. first antibodies produced in response to an antigen |
| IgD | found in blood, lymph, and immune cell membranes. no known specific or significant function. |
| IgG | main antibody for marking specific invaders. has many types, is long lasting, and most numerous. can cross into the placenta |
| IgE | antiparasitic agent. has a tendency to cause allergies when not given any real targets |
| dimer | a protein fragment (fibrin degradation product) found in the blood when a clot is degraded |
| The cell type that produces antibodies | plasma cell |
| cytotoxic T-cell | The cell type most likely to be involved in cell-mediated immunity |
| helper T-cells | T cells that secrete Il-2 and stimulate B-cells, other T-cells, and macrophages |
| attenuated vaccine | use a weakened form of a virus or bacteria that replicates in the body, most likely to cause disease when faulty |
| serological test that uses lysis of red blood cells as an indicator of a negative reaction | Agglutination test |
| Anaphylactic shock | hypersensitivity reaction that involves production of IgE which subsequently bind to mast cells and basophils |
| Desensitization | The process of injecting small doses allergen to elicit IgG production and block the allergic response |
| Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test | interpreted based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition |
Created by:
DinoRex