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Definitions III
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antiinfective agents | substances that act against or destroy infections |
| Antibacterial agents | substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of bacteria |
| Antibiotic agents | Chemical substances produced by microorganisms that have the capacity, in diluted solutions, to destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of organisms to prevent their action |
| Antimicrobial agents | Substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of microorganisms |
| Antifungal agents | Substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of fungi |
| Antiviral agents | Substances that destroy or suppress the growth of multiplication of viruses |
| Bactericidal | The ability to kill bacteria – this effect is irreversible |
| Bacteriostatic | the ability to inhibit or retard the multiplication or growth of bacteria. This is a reversible process |
| Resistance (related to antibiotics) | is the natural or acquired ability of an organisms to be immune to or to withstand the effects of an antiinfective agent. |
| Bacteroide species | are a group of anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the human gut and play a significant role in digestion and the gut microbiome. They are part of the normal flora and help break down complex carbohydrates. |
| Natural Resistance | occurs when an organism has always been resistant to an antimicrobial agent because of the bacteria’s normal properties |
| Acquired Resistance | occurs when an organism that was previously sensitive to an antimicrobial agent becomes resistance |
| Herpes simplex types 1 (HSV-1) | Lifelong infection that causes oral herpes, symptoms are cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth and face |
| Cold Sore | small, painful, fluid-filled blisters that can crust over as they heal. Often proceeded by tingling, itching, or burning sensations. Typically, around the lips and sometimes inside the mouth. |
| Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) | Lifelong infection that causes genital herpes, symptoms are painful blisters or sores in the genital and anal areas |
| Varicella-zoster | Virus that causes two distinct diseases: Chickenpox (Varicella) and shingles (Herpes Zoster) |
| Epstein-Barr | a common virus from the herpesvirus family that causes infectious mononucleosis (mono), also known as the “kissing disease” |
| Herpesvirus simiae (B-virus) | rare zoonotic virus that infects macaque monkeys. It can lead to severe and potentially fatal illness in humans if transmitted. |
| Virus | is an infectious organism, much smaller than fungus or bacterium. A virus must invade a living cell and release its DNA or RNA in order to reproduce |
| Antiviral agents | interfere with the viral replication process |
| AIDS | is a chronic disease produced by infection with the retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
| Opportunistic infections | are infections caused by organisms that usually do not make healthy people sick but can cause illness in individuals with weakened immune systems |
| HIV-1. | is transmitted via sexual intercourse, sharing of bodily fluids, and intravenous substance abuse during pregnancy and childbirth |
| HIV-2 | is transmitted only from a woman to her child while the child is in the womb |
| Prodromal symptoms | are early warning signs or early symptoms that occur before the full onset of a disease or condition. |
| Mild erythema | slight redness or flushing of the skin |
| Maculopapular eruptions | skin rashes that consist of both flat discolored spots and raised bumps |
| Exfoliative dermatitis | where the skin becomes red, inflamed and peels or flakes off in large areas |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome | rare but serious condition where the skin and mucous membranes react to an infection or medication. This causes redness, blistering and peeling. |
| Alopecia | condition that causes hair loss |
| Benign | means something that is harmless, not dangerous, or not likely to cause harm or illness |
| Malignant | means something that is harmful, dangerous, or likely to cause serious damage |
| Metastasis | is the spread of cancer cells from the original (primary) site to other parts of the body, forming new tumors |
| Stress | is a feeling of pressure or tension caused by challenging or demanding situations. It can affect both the mind and body |
| Anxiety | is a feeling of worry, nervousness, or fear about something that may happen, often causing unease or discomfort |
| Agranulocytosis | is a condition where the body has a very low number of white blood cells, which weakens the immune system and makes it harder to fight infections |
| Thrombocytopenia | is a condition where there is a low number of platelets in the blood, which can make it harder for the blood to clot and increase the risk of bleeding. |
| Phytomedicine | refers to the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes. It involves utilizing natural compounds found in plants to prevent, treat, or manage various health conditions. |
| DSHEA | Dietary Supplement health and Education Act |
| CAB | Chest, Airway, Breathing |
| Syncope | most common emergency in the dental office: fainting, vasomotor collapse |
| Hypoglycemia | is a condition where blood sugar (glucose) levels are too low |
| Diabetic coma | elevated blood sugar |
| Seizures | is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain |
| Hyperventilation | Is when you breathe very quickly and shallowly, often causing a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the blood. |
| Asthma | is a condition where the airways in the lungs become inflamed and narrowed, making it harder to breathe. |
| Anaphylactic Shock | is a severe allergic reaction that happens quickly and can be life-threatening |
| Acute Airway Obstruction | he result of a foreign body in the pharynx or larynx |
| Angina Pectoris | is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart |
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage to the heart |
| Cardiac Arrest | Is when the heart suddenly stops beating, preventing blood from flowing to the brain and other organs. |
| Extrapyramidal Reactions | side effects that affect movement, often caused by certain medications |
| Acute Adrenocortical insufficiency | is a condition where the adrenal glands suddenly can’t produce enough of the hormones they need, especially cortisol |
| Thyroid storm | rare, life-threatening condition where the thyroid gland releases too much hormone, causing a sudden and severe increase in heart rate, body temperature, and other symptoms like confusion and sweating |
| Opioid Overdose | can slow breathing, cause extreme drowsiness, or even lead to loss of consciousness and death. |
| Anaphylactic Shock | is a severe,-life-threatening allergic reaction that happens quickly. Can cause symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling, drop in blood pressure, and can lead to unconsciousness. |
| Acute Airway Obstruction | the result of a foreign body in the pharynx or larynx |
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