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Bio II Ch 32
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is a body plan? | a particular set of morphologcal and developmental traits, integrated into a functional whole - the living animal; provide a way to compare/contrast key animal features |
| What are the 3 types of symmetry? | 1) Radial 2) Bilateral 3) None |
| The symmetry of an animal reflects its _______. | Lifestyle |
| Many radial animals are _____. | Sessile |
| T or F: Most bilateral animals move from place to place. | T |
| T or F: Nearly all bilateral animals have sensory equipment concentrated at the head end of their body, including a central nervouse system/brain. | T |
| Ectoderm | the germ layer covering the surface of the embyro; gives rise to the outer covering of the animal and, in some phyla, to the CNS |
| Endoderm | innermost germ layer; lines the pouch that forms during gastrulation and gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract (or cavity) and to the lining of organs such as the liver and lungs of vertebrates |
| Cnidarians and a few other animal groups that have only these two germ layers (ecto- and endo-) are said to be _______. | Diploblastic |
| All bilaterally symmetrical animals have a 3rd germ layer, called ______. | Mesoderm |
| T or F: Nearly all animals have a body cavity. | T |
| Coelem | the body cavity found in triploblastic animals between the digestive tract and the outer body wall |
| Hemocoel | the primary body cavity of most invertebrates, containing circulatory fluid |
| What are the 2 developmental modes possible? | 1) Protostome development 2) Deuterostome development |
| What 3 things differentiate between protostome and deuterostome developments? | Differences in: 1) Cleavage 2) Coelem formation 3) Fate of the blastophore |
| Archenteron | the pouch that forms gastrulation |
| Coelomates | animals with a true coelom |
| Pseudocoelomates | animals that have a pseudocoelom |
| Some triploblastic animals have a body cavity that is formed from mesoderm and endoderm, called a _____. | Pseudocoelom |
| Acoelomates | some triploblastic animals that lack a body cavity altogether |
| Determinate cleavage | rigidly casts the developmental fae of each embryonic cell very early |
| Indeterminate cleavage | each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo |
| Fate of the blastophore | the indentation that during gastrulatoin leads to the formation of the archentron |
| What are the 5 main points from The Diversification of Animals? | 1) All animals share a common ancestor 2) Sponges are the sister group to all other animals 3) Eumetazoa is a clade of animals with tissues 4) Most animal phyla belong to the clade Bilateria 5) There are 3 major clades of bilaterian animals |
| Deuterostomia | hemichordates, echinoderms, and chordates are members |
| Ecdysozoa | refers to a characteristic shared by nematodes, arthropods, and some of the other ecdysozoan phyla |
| Lophophore | a crown of ciliated tentacles that function in feeding |
| Individuals in other phyla, including molluscs and annelids, go through a distinctive developmental stage called the ___________. | trochophore larva |
| Are sponges monophyletic? | Yes; still under research |
| Are ctenophores basal metazoans? | Controversial |
| Are acoelomate flatworms basal bilaterians? | Yes, currently |
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