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APUSH Unit 3
1763-1800 Revolutionary War and early America
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Albany Plan of Union | plan for a more centralized government led by Ben Franklin but rejected by congress; made for unity, defense against Indians, and to keep Iroquois allies |
| Pontiac's Rebellion | the Ottawa with their chief Pontiac joined with other Native Americans to rebel against the British; caused by British failure to keep promise and stay out of Indian land after the French and Indian War; was successful but slowly deteriorated |
| Proclomation of 1763 | British prohibition of colonists settling beyond Appalachian border; initiated by King George, but not enforced so ineffective; seen as a way British was trying to control the colonists and led to rebellion |
| Quartering Act (1765) | required colonists to care for and provide housing for British soldiers when they needed it; enacted to cut costs of greater military presence in the colonies |
| Stamp Act (1765) | taxed paper items and enforced by stamping every paper item whose tax had been paid; provoked strong feelings because of taxation without representation |
| Stamp Act Congress | 9 of the 13 colonies gather in New York in response to the stamp act; led to declaration of rights and grievances |
| Boycotts | protest in the form of refusing to buy something and therefore denying the seller any profit so that they will reduce the price |
| Patrick Henry | founding father and persuasive speaker who made a speech to lead to the American Revolution; "give me liberty or give me death"; from Virginia; first post-colonial governor; anti-federalist in support of the Bill of Rights |
| Sons of Liberty | a secretive and violent political colonial organization who protested taxation without representation; led Boston Tea Party, smuggling, and boycotting; led by John Hancock, Paul Revere, and Samuel Adams |
| Declaratory Act (1766) | passed by British Parliament to assert dominance and authority to tax Colonists "in all cases whatsoever" and passed at the same time as repealing the stamp act |
| Townshend Acts (1767) | series of laws passed by parliament taxing specific goods imported to the colonies including china, glass, paint, lead, paper, and tea; colonists were most upset about the tea |
| Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania | collection of 12 essays written by John Dickinson in response to townshend acts |
| Samuel Adams | leader and founder of Sons of Liberty; founding father from Massachusetts; second governor of postcolonial Massachusetts after John Hancock |
| Circular Letter | statement written by Samuel Adams and James Otis Jr. to protest taxation and townshend acts; passed by the Massachusetts house of representatives and sent to other colonies to rally them |
| Boston Massacre | March 5, 1770; British soldiers fire into a crowd killing 5 of them including a black man, Crispus Attucks; unclear why, but provoked colonists to revolution |
| Committees of Corespondence | network of organizations led by patriot leaders to educate the colonists of their rights, how Britain was violating those rights, and rallying them to revolt; led to creation of First Continental Congress |
| Te Act (1773) | gave the British East India Company a monopoly on tea to the colonies; company was doing poorly financially, but colonists saw it as control from the British; this actually sold cheaper tea |
| Boston Tea Party (1773) | sons of liberty dress up as Indians and pour over 300 crates of tea into the harbor as a protest against the tea act and taxation without representation; destroyed millions $ tea |
| Intolerable Acts (1774) | also called the coercive acts; response to the boston tea partyand included four acts: Boston Port Act, Massachusetts government act, Administration of Justice Act, and Quartering Act (and Quebec Act) |
| Quebec Act (1774) | changed government in Quebec and allowed more Catholics in Quebec making American colonists nervous |
| Magna Carta | first written document that states that king and government aren't above the law and aren't dictators; framed the English government consequently the colonial government |
| English Bill of Rights (1869) | after the Glorious Revolution; gave more power to Parliament instead of the king; supported democratic rights like freedom of speech and inspired founding fathers |
| John Locke | English philosopher of the enlightenment who believed in humans as a "blank slate", natural rights of humans, and limited government power; inspired Declaration of Independence |
| 1st Continental Congress | Meeting of 12 of the 13 colonies in response to Coercive acts; resulted in Suffolk Resolves, raising of an army, declaration of rights and grievances, and boycott British goods (the association) |
| John Adams | founding father who helped draft the declaration of independence, first vice president, second president; negotiated the Treaty of Paris and established a navy |
| George washington | founding father, first president of U.S. and very important general and leader in the Revolution; crossing of the Delaware |
| John Jay | founding father from New York who helped negotiate the treaty of Paris, was the first chief justice of the U.S., and helped right the Federalist papers |
| Suffolk Resolves | part of the First continental congress and declared that the colonies would reject the intolerable acts through boycotting and other protests |
| Declaration of Rights and Grievances | part of the first continental congress declaring that colonies were loyal to the king but not parliament |
| Paul Revere | silversmith from Boston known for the midnight ride that warned colonists of the British coming to Lexington and Concord |
| Lexington and Concord | first shots of the Revolutionary War, more of a skirmish, British wanted to take away weapons but were stopped at Lexington and in Concord by a large force that ultimately gained an American victory and confidence |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | first true battle of the Revolutionary War in which the patriots had the high ground on Breed's hill; British won but it was very costly |
| 2nd Continental Congress | meeting of all 13 colonies during the Revolutionary War; drafted Articles of the Confederation and the declaration of independence |
| Olive Branch Petition | a letter sent to the king to plead peace and say that the colonists wanted to reconcile; written by John Dickinson but rejected by the King |
| Common Sense T. Paine | pamphlet to rally the colonists and convince them that independence was common sense; removed psychological barriers in the minds of the colonists |
| Declaration of Independence | formal statement outlining the colonists' right to become a separate self-governing entity |
| Battle of Saratoga | turning point in the war in which the Americans won a victory against the British convincing France to join America; attempt to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies |
| Treaty of Alliance (1778) | formal agreement between France and the colonies to fight together against the British |
| Battle of Yorktown | final battle of the Revolutionary War in which Washington's forces and the French surrounded Cornwallis's British forces |
| Treaty of Paris (1783) | treaty that ended the revolutionary war and established borders for the U.S. |
| Mollly Pitcher | a woman who rushed through the lines to deliver water to soldiers in the middle of battle; real name was Mary Hays |
| Deborah Sampson | woman who disguised herself as a man to fight in the war; first woman soldier in the U.S. |
| Abigail Adams | wife and advisor of John Adams; advocated for women's rights and led to Republican Motherhood |
| Land ordinance of 1785 | standardized system for settlers to purchase land in the West |
| Northwest ordinance of 1787 | created government for the Northwest territory and process for admitting new states |
| Shays Rebellion | armed rebellion of farmers in Massachusetts caused by farmers being arrested and having their land taken because they couldn't pay debt due to high taxes |
| 3/5 Compromise | decided that 3/5 of a state's slave population would be counted in the total population to determine representation and taxation for that state |
| Slave Trade Compromise (1787) | forbid Congress from banning international slave trade until 1808 |
| The Great Compromise | established the senate and house of representatives to resolve problems of representation based on size of a state |
| Elastic Clause | gives congress the power to make laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out enumerated powers according to the constitution |
| Framer | a person who drafted or signed the constitution |
| checks and balances | system giving each branch of government some level of power over the other two |
| Separation of Powers | separation of government into different branches ensuring |
| Electoral College | used to elect president and vice president balancing popular vote and election by congress |
| Federalsists | Supported central government; led by Alexander Hamilton |
| Anti-federalists | supported less central government and power of the people; led by Thomas Jefferson |
| Federalist Papers | collection of 85 papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to explain why the constitution should be published |
| Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments to the constitution |
| Hamilton's financial program | included creation of BUS and incurring debt |
| Proclamation of Neutrality | America would be neutral in war between France and Britain |
| Jay's Treaty | written by John Jay to resolve tensions between the U.S. and Britain and prevent another war; unpopular because favored the British |
| Pinckney's Treaty (1795) | Treaty between Spain and U.S. thet defined border at Florida and gave the U.S. free right to travel the Mississippi river |
| Whiskey Rebellion (1794) | farmers who were disproportionately affected by a tax on whiskey protest violently and were ultimately suppressed by Geroge Washington |
| Washington's Farewell Address | written by George Washington near the end of his second term to say goodbye and retire from public service |
| XYZ Affair | political and diplomatic skirmish leading to Quasi War between the U.S. and French; three American diplomats were stopped by agents X Y and Z who demanded bribes or they wouldn't stop taking American Ships |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | Four controversial acts passed to limit immigration and opposition to John Adams |
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | statements against the Alien and Sedition acts written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson |
| Nullification | State's right to declare a federal law void within its borders |
| Revolution of 1800 | first peaceful transition of power to a different party from federalist John Adams to democratic republican Thomas Jefferson |
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