Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
psych exam 3 ch.11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a schema? | -structured cluster of concepts about how the world works -mental frameworks that are created as children interact with their physical environments |
| What is assimilation? | incorporation of new learning information into an existing existing schema w/o the need to revise schema |
| what is accommodation? | incorporation of new learning into an existing schema that requires the revision of the schema |
| What are Piaget's four main stages of cognitive development? | Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational |
| What occurs at the sensorimotor stage? what's the milestone for this? | interaction with environment , focuses on the here and now the milestone is : object permanence |
| What occurs at the preoperational stage and what's the milestone? | No internal mental operation/manipulations -egocentrism based: cannot understand that others have diffrent P.O.V |
| what happens at the concrete operational stage? whats the milestone? | -internal mental operations/manipulations but concrete -hands on learning best -the cognitive milestone: conservation -has to do with performance on things |
| What is object permanence? | knowing that an object exist even when you cant see it |
| when does object permanence develop? | happens after the age of two (after the sensorimotor stage) |
| What is the conservation of mass or volume? when does it develop? | that mass is neither created or destroyed so when one thing (liquid from the lecture) is transported to a different looking container the mass does not change even though it looks different . it develops at the concrete operation stage (612yrs) |
| What are some criticism of Piaget's theory? | -Reduced focus on individual differences -his concept is more about abrupt stages -mechanisms for moving to new stages. |
| What is the theory of mind (TOM)? when does it emerge? | extends on egocentrism - can a child understand another persons POV -emerges at 3-4 years old |
| What is the false belief (sally-Anne) test, and how does it test for theory of mind ? | assessment used to measure a child's ability to understand that others can hold false beliefs, a key aspect of theory of mind.(snoopy and crayon example) |
| What is temperament? | individual differences in patterns of mood ,activity and emotional responses -predictive of adult personality |
| How does Kagan’s test for reactivity work? What does it predict about low-reactive and high-reactive infants? | test of reactivity in infants with things like sound/color. Low reactive infants were unphased and high reactive infants were phased the high reactive infants grew up to be more shy |
| What is attachment? How is it tested? | the connection of an infant and parent tested through Ainsworth where they left child with stranger and saw for patterns in the childs behavior |
| What are the four different attachment patterns identified by Ainsworth and other researchers? | Secure,avoidant,anxious ,and disorganized |
| What did Harlow’s tests on attachment in monkeys reveal about the importance of food vs.comfort | It showed that comfort is more important than food since the baby monkeys preferred the cloth mom without food over the wire mom with the food |
| What is reactive attachment disorder? | can occur w/ children in orphanages -they(parent) offer love but the kid does not attach because a orphanage is neglectful when it comes to love act |
| What are the two dimensions of parenting styles and the four resulting parenting styles | the two dimensions : behavioral regulation and parental support the resulting parenting styles are:Authoritarian,authoritative,permissive,and uninvolved |
| what is the marshmallow test?what does it test for ? | children given a marshmallow and seen if they wait and get another one or give in to temptation and get nothing. it tests for impulse control and delayed gratification |
| what are areas of evidence that suggest a biological component to gender role development | the vervet monkeys choosing gender specific human toys |
| what are social factors that influence gender role development | influence of parents |
| what are Kohlbergs stages of moral development? | pre conventional, conventional,and post conventional |
| what occurs at the pre conventional ? | -little kids doing things to avoid punishment," what will this do for me" |
| what happens at the conventional stage? | "what would a good child do " -rules based decision making |
| what happens at the post conventional stage? | morally right and legally right are not the same -mutual benefit |
| What major brain developments occur during adolescence? | The limbic system (emotion/reward) matures early, while the prefrontal cortex (planning/impulse control) develops later. Myelination increases and synaptic pruning makes the brain more efficient. |
| Why are adolescents more likely than adults to engage in risky behavior? | Their reward system is highly sensitive, but their prefrontal cortex is still developing. This imbalance—plus peer influence—makes risk‑taking more likely. |
| What is the key developmental conflict in Erikson’s Stage 1? | Trust vs. Mistrust — infants learn whether the world is safe and caregivers are reliable. |
| What is the key developmental conflict in Erikson’s Stage 5 (adolescence)? | Identity vs. Role Confusion — adolescents work to form a stable sense of self. |
| What are Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development (in order)? | Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair |
| How does life satisfaction vary by marital status? | Married adults report the highest life satisfaction; divorced/separated adults report the lowest; never‑married adults fall in between. Quality of marriage matters. |
| How does marital satisfaction vary across the family life cycle? | Marital satisfaction follows a U‑shaped pattern: Highest in early marriage Declines during child‑rearing years (especially adolescence) Rises again after children leave home (empty nest) Stays relatively high in later adulthood unless affected |
| What are some cognitive changes in adulthood? | Processing speed slows, working memory capacity decreases, episodic memory declines, but semantic and procedural memory stay stable. Fluid intelligence decreases while crystallized intelligence increases. Attention becomes less flexible, and adults rely m |
Created by:
user-2036082