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Brainstem Functions

Chapter 14 - A & P Lecture

QuestionAnswer
The brainstem It connects the brain to the spinal cord and regulates vital, life-sustaining functions
brainstim essential roles: Conduction, Cranial Nerve Control, Vital Reflex Centers,
Conduction Almost all: ascending pathways (sensory → brain) descending pathways (brain → body) pass through the brainstem
Cranial Nerve Control The brainstem houses nuclei for many cranial nerves: CN III → XII (except XI partially)
Vital Reflex Centers The brainstem controls automatic survival functions: Heart rate Blood pressure Breathing Swallowing Vomiting Coughing Sneezing Sleep
brainstem receives info from: Spinal cord pathways (via collateral branches) Cranial nerves
This input allows the brainstem to: adjust reflexes instantly regulate vital functions without conscious input
Reticular Formation A diffuse network of nuclei throughout the brainstem Regulates: motor activity autonomic functions alertness
Reticular Activating System (RAS) A specialized part of the reticular formation. Function: Controls consciousness and wakefulness Regulates the sleep–wake cycle
Inputs to the RAS: - Cranial nerves: CN II (vision) CN V (touch/face sensation) CN VIII (hearing/balance) - Sensory pathways (touch, etc.) - Signals from the cerebral cortex
Two types of motor output: Somatic Motor Functions & Parasympathetic Functions
Somatic Motor Functions involve skeletal muscles
Parasympathetic Functions regulate internal organs automatically.
The brainstem acts as a ___ ____ reflex hub
Examples of integrated reflexes: Swallowing Vomiting Coughing Sneezing
 

 



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