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GOV Ch. 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Economic interest groups | Advocate for the financial interests of their members (e.g., labor unions, business groups) |
| Public interest groups | Act on behalf of the collective interests of a broad group of individuals, often promoting the common good |
| Single-issue groups | Focus on one specific area of public policy, often a moral issue they are unwilling to compromise on |
| Government interest groups | Organizations that represent the interests of local, state, or foreign governments |
| Lobbying | Interacting with government officials to influence public policy decisions |
| Lobbyists | Individuals who are hired to influence government officials on behalf of an interest group |
| Revolving door | Movement of individuals between positions in government and lobbying roles |
| Congressional lobbying strategies | Contacting members/staff, drafting legislation, testifying before committees, providing research and policy expertise |
| Testifying before Congress | Providing expert information or opinions to congressional committees to influence legislation |
| Bureaucratic lobbying strategies | Influencing rulemaking, providing data/expertise, participating in the notice and comment process |
| Notice and comment period | Time when the public and interest groups can provide input on proposed regulations |
| Judicial lobbying strategies | Filing lawsuits, submitting amicus curiae briefs, influencing judicial appointments |
| Amicus curiae brief | “Friend of the court” document filed by a group not directly involved in a case to influence judicial decisions |
| Iron triangle | Close relationship between interest groups, Congress, and bureaucratic agencies that work together to create policy |
| Issue network | Broad, informal groups of interest groups, policymakers, and activists working on a policy issue |
| Political action committee (PAC) | Organization that raises limited funds to donate directly to political candidates |
| Super PAC | Independent political committee that can raise unlimited funds but cannot coordinate directly with candidates |
| Grassroots lobbying | Mobilizing group members to contact public officials directly |
| Mobilization strategies | GOTV efforts, endorsements, and scorecards to influence voters |
| Protest | Public demonstration designed to bring attention to an issue |
| Civil disobedience | Intentionally breaking laws to highlight injustice |
| Social movements | Large, loosely organized groups seeking to bring about social or political change |
| Explain how interest groups influence Congress | Interest groups contact legislators, draft bills, testify before committees, and provide policy expertise to shape legislation |
| Explain how interest groups influence the bureaucracy | They provide data, influence rulemaking, and participate in the notice and comment process to shape regulations |
| Explain how interest groups influence the judiciary | They file lawsuits, submit amicus curiae briefs, and attempt to influence judicial appointments |
| Compare iron triangles and issue networks | Iron triangles are stable, closed relationships among a few actors, while issue networks are broader, more open, and include competing groups and viewpoints |
| Explain the role of PACs and Super PACs in elections | PACs donate limited funds directly to candidates, while Super PACs raise unlimited funds for independent political spending |
| Explain the purpose of grassroots lobbying | It increases pressure on policymakers by mobilizing large numbers of constituents to contact representatives |
| Explain how social movements influence public policy | They raise awareness, shape public opinion, and pressure elected officials to act through protests and advocacy |
| Explain the effectiveness of protests | Depends on their ability to gain media attention, influence public opinion, and impact electoral or political outcomes |
| Explain civil disobedience as a political tactic | It highlights injustice by deliberately breaking laws, often drawing attention and sympathy to a cause |
| Analyze why interest groups have more access to policymakers than average citizens | Due to resources, expertise, organization, and the revolving door, they maintain stronger connections to officials |
| Explain how media attention impacts social movements | Media coverage amplifies awareness, pressures policymakers, and can accelerate policy change |
| Explain how elected officials respond to social movements | Officials may accommodate demands, ignore them, or respond negatively depending on political incentives and public opinion |
Created by:
katdolan