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APUSH Unit 1-2
1600-1770 colonization leading up to revolutionary war
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bartolome De Las Casas | Spanish writer, and missionary to Dominican who was first to expose the oppression of indigenous |
| Encomienda System | a system defined by the Spanish to entrust encomenderos with responsibilities to protect, educate, and “christianize” the indigenous people and also giving them the authority to require taxes or labor from the indigenous people. Resulted in slavery. |
| Asiento System | agreements between Spanish government and companies in which the company (asentista) pays a certain amount of money to the Spanish royalty to have a monopoly and trade slaves to the Americas |
| Columbian Exchange | the exchange of diseases, plants, and animals across the Atlantic ocean through Columbus when he made contact with the Indians; Contributed to Globalization |
| Joint Stock Company | A company owned by stockholders who can buy and sell shares |
| Virginia Company | A joint stock company intending to colonize the east coast. Especially played a role in establishing Jamestown in Virginia |
| Jamestown | the first permanent colony in America which was in Virginia; Founded in 1607 |
| John Smith | an important soldier and leader in the colony of Jamestown who organized the colonists and taught them to survive |
| Powhatan | the tribe of Indians who inhabited the area around Jamestown. Led by Powhatan |
| John Rolfe | The Father of Tobacco; went to Jamestown and started Tobacco farming in 1612; married Pocahontas in 1614 |
| Pocahontas | Powhatan native american who had a lot of interaction with the Jamestown colonists; supposedly rescued John Smith and married John Rolfe |
| Starving Time | the winter of 1609-10 during which a majority of the colonists of Jamestown died of starvation; colonists resorted to rats, leather and each other as food sources |
| Indentured Servants | people who work under someone for a specified period of time in exchange for housing or in order to get to America; sometimes used as a punishment for a crime. |
| Headright System | a system used to attract people to the colonies in which a quantity of land, usually 50 acres, was given to a person. |
| House of Burgesses | The first democratic assembly in the colonies made up of Burgesses who were elected and made decisions about taxation and other matters. |
| FFVs | First Family of Virginia; refers to a group of early settlers in Virginia who controlled most political power and wealth |
| Separatists/Pilgrims | A group of protestant christians who wanted to break away from the church of England and sought religious freedom in America |
| Mayflower Compact | an agreement signed by those on the mayflower to abide by law in order to keep order and preserve the greater good; important democratic document |
| William Bradford | governor of Plymouth colony and wrote of Plymouth Plantation, a diary which is one of the best primary sources of life on the Mayflower and in the New World. |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | a Puritan colony led by John Winthrop who referred to it as a city upon a hill |
| Puritans | a specific group of separatists who felt that Roman Catholicism of England was corrupt and wanted to purify christianity and reform so that their practices and beliefs were more directly related to the Bible’s teachings |
| John Winthrop | governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who gave an important sermon about city on a hill |
| Great Migration | The mass movement of Puritans from England to New England and the colonies |
| Predestination | The theological belief that God predetermined who would be saved and who wouldn’t |
| Congregational Church | a protestant church that is autonomous and doesn’t submit to outward authority like the pope and king |
| Visible Saints | Those who show outward results of being converted which shows that they were predestined by God for salvation |
| Roger Williams | minister and founder of Rhode Island colony who supported separation of church and state |
| Anne Hutchinson | Massachusetts colonist who disagreed with social gender roles and challenged male authority; she was also a minister |
| Thomas Hooker | founded the Connecticut colony |
| Fundamental Orders | outlined the government of some settlements in Connecticut which advocated for power of the people and was foundational to the democratic government of America |
| Quakers | a protestant denomination of christians who were pacifists and had a lot of revolutionary ideas that stemmed the development of the colonies; believed in a direct and personal relationship with God |
| William Penn | founder of the colony of Pennsylvania who was also a quaker and advocated for freedom of religion |
| jeremiad | A long piece of literature of lamentation which generally includes a prophecy |
| Halfway Covenant | a kind of half membership in the church in which children of those who had been baptized but had not converted to christianity were able to be baptized (gaining political rights) but couldn’t partake in Lord’s supper or some other parts of the church |
| Salem Witch Trials | a series of witch accusations that resulted in hysteria and the killing of many people in Salem |
| Bacon's Rebellion | A rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon in the Virginia colony against governor William Berkeley from 1676-77. It was a failure, but one of the first signs of political conflict in the colonies |
| Sir William Berkeley | governor of Virginia from 1642-1652 and from 1660-1677 |
| Tidewater Gentry | wealthy class in the Tidewater are of Virginia who controlled a lot of land and tobacco |
| Act of Toleration | gave religious freedom to every denomination of christians |
| New England Confederation | an alliance between the New England colonies of Massachusetts bay, Plymouth, Saybrook, and New Haven for protection against native americans |
| Dominion of New England | A union of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Delaware, and Rhode Island from 1686-89; led by Sir Edmund Andros who took away power of town meetings, taxed colonists, and enforced navigation laws |
| King Philip's War | a war between the native americans and the New England colonies and their indigenous allies from 1675-79 |
| Navigation Acts | a series of laws giving structure and regulating trade between England, the colonies, and other countries; made for the profit of England |
| Mercantilism | economic policy of exporting more than importing and trading for profit |
| Salutary Neglect | policy of self government in colonies that ultimately led to American Revolution |
| Slavery in Colonies | fueled agriculture and economy in the colonies |
| Triangular Trade | slaves from Africa to America, raw materials from America to Europe, and goods from Europe to Aftica; profits go to Europe |
| 1st Great awakening | christian revival in colonies from 1730-1740ish |
| Jonathan Edwards | important figure and preacher during 1st Great awakening who wrote "sinners in the hands of an angry god" |
| George Whitefield | important preacher in Great Awakening |
| John Peter Zenger | German printer in New York City who advocated for freedom of the press |
| John Copley | finest portrait painter in colonies; painted Paul Revere and other important figures |
| Benjamin Franklin | founding father, philosopher, inventor, and signer of the declaration of independence |
| Regulator Movement | rebellion in the colony of North Carolina from 1765-1771 in which farmers protested against taxation with no representation |
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