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PSYC Ch.14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychotherapy | Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to address psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. |
| biomedical therapy | Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology. |
| eclectic approach | An approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy. |
| psychoanalysis | (1) Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. (2) Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, and dreams—and the analyst’s interpretations of th |
| resistance | In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of unpleasant or anxiety-laden material. |
| interpretation | In psychoanalysis, the analysist's noting of dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight and growth. |
| transference | In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent). |
| psychodynamic therapy | Therapy influenced by the psychoanalytic tradition; views clients as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight and emotional well-being. |
| insight therapies | Therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses. |
| person-centered therapy | A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the client directs the discussion and the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called client-c |
| active listening | Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification. A feature of Rogers' person-centered therapy. |
| unconditional positive regard | A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help people develop self-awareness and self-acceptance. |
| behavior therapy | Therapy that uses learning principles to reduce unwanted behaviors and increase desirable behaviors. |
| counterconditioning | Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. |
| exposure therapies | Behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imaginary or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid |
| systematic desensitization | A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat specific phobias. |
| virtual reality exposure therapy | A counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face specific fears, such as flying, spiders, or public speaking. |
| aversive conditioning | Associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). |
| token economy | An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange tokens for privileges or treats. |
| cognitive therapy | Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. |
| cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). |
| group therapy | Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction. |
| family therapy | Therapy that treats people in the context of their family system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. |
| confirmation bias | A tendency to search for information that supports your preconceptions and to ignore or distort evidence that contradicts them. |
| evidence-based practice | Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and client characteristics and preferences. |
| therapeutic alliance | A bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem. |
| antipsychotic drugs | Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. |
| antianxiety drugs | Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. |
| antidepressant drugs | Drugs used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. (Several widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors—SSRIs.) |
| psychedelic drugs | A subset of hallucinogenic drugs, sometimes used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol use disorder. These drugs cause temporary visual, psychological, and auditory changes, and an |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | A biomedical therapy for severe and treatment-resistant depression in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized person. |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) | The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. |
| psychosurgery | Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior. |
| lobotomy | A psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. |
| resilience | The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma. |
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PSYC