Producer (Autotrophs)

an organism that creates its own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis

Primary Consumers (Herbivores)

animals or insects that feed directly on producers (plants or algae), occupying the second trophic level

Secondary Consumers (Carnivores/Omnivores)

Animals that eat primary consumers. They help control herbivore populations and move energy further up the food web.

Tertiary Consumers (Top Carnivores)

Predators that eat secondary consumers. They help regulate smaller predators and maintain balance in the ecosystem.

The highest‑level predators with no natural predators of their own.

Organisms that break down dead plants, animals, and waste. Role: They recycle nutrients back into the soil and release carbon back into the atmosphere, completing the carbon cycle.

organisms that make their own food using energy from sunlight (photosynthesis) or chemicals (chemosynthesis). They absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.

organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat other organisms for energy. They release CO₂ back into the atmosphere through cellular respiration.

is the natural process by which carbon moves between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. It shows how carbon is used, stored, released, and recycled by living things and the environment.

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Food Webs & Chains

Term	Definition
Producer (Autotrophs)	an organism that creates its own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis
Primary Consumers (Herbivores)	animals or insects that feed directly on producers (plants or algae), occupying the second trophic level
Secondary Consumers (Carnivores/Omnivores)	Animals that eat primary consumers. They help control herbivore populations and move energy further up the food web.
Tertiary Consumers (Top Carnivores)	Predators that eat secondary consumers. They help regulate smaller predators and maintain balance in the ecosystem.
Apex Predators	The highest‑level predators with no natural predators of their own.
Decomposers	Organisms that break down dead plants, animals, and waste. Role: They recycle nutrients back into the soil and release carbon back into the atmosphere, completing the carbon cycle.
Autotrophs	organisms that make their own food using energy from sunlight (photosynthesis) or chemicals (chemosynthesis). They absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
Heterotrophs	organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat other organisms for energy. They release CO₂ back into the atmosphere through cellular respiration.
The carbon cycle	is the natural process by which carbon moves between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. It shows how carbon is used, stored, released, and recycled by living things and the environment.

Created by: user-2033993

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