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5.1 Ap psych
Intro to Health
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Health Psychology | A subfield of psychology that explores the impact of psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors on health and wellness |
| Psychoneuroimmunology | The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect our immune system resulting wealth |
| Stress | The process which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we apprise as threatening or challenging |
| Approach Avoidance Motives | The drive to move toward (approach) or away from (avoid) a stimulus |
| Approach- approach conflict | Where we have to chase between two desired choices, are the least stressful |
| Avoidance- avoidance conflict | Choosing between the lesser of two evils, is a stressful descion- making process |
| Approach- avoidance conflict | Have both attractive and repelling factor , and so the stress comes with having to decide if the benefit is worth the trouble |
| General adaptation syndrome (GAS) | Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases-alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
| Tend-and-befriend response | Under stress, people may nurture themselves and others bond with and seek support from others |
| Coronary heart disease | The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle, a leading cause of death in many developed countries |
| Type A | Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive heard driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people |
| Type B | Friedman and Roseenman's term for easy going, relaxed people |
| Coping | Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods |
| Problem focused coping | Attempting to alleviate stress directly-by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor |
| Emotion-focused coping | Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring that stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction |
| Person control | Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless |
| Learned helplessness | The hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animal learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events |
| External locus of control | The perception that outside forces beyond or personal control determine our fate |
| Internal locus of control | The perception that we control our own fate |
| Self control | The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards |
| Pessimists | Expected things to go badly and attribute their struggles to a lack of ability or an uncontrollable situation |
| Optimists | Tend to think the opposite, believe things will work out and that they have some control over the outcomes |
| Positive psychology | The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of promoting strengths and virtues that foster well-being, resilience, and positive emotions, and that help individuals and communities to thrive |
| Subjective well-being | Self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life |
| Feel-good, do-good phenomenon | People's tendency to be helpful when in a good mood |
| Adaptation-level phenomenon | Our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience |
| Relative deprivation | The perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves |
| Broaden-and-build theory | Proposes that positive emotions broaden our awareness, which over time helps us build novel and meaningful skills and resilience that improve well-being |
| Character strengths and virtues | A classification system to identify positive traits; organized into categories of wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence |
| Resilience | The personal strength that helps people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma |
| Aerobic exercise | Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety |
| Mindfulness meditation | A reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner |
| Biofeedback | A system of recording, amplifying and feeding back information about subtle physiological changes, can help people control those changes |
| Relaxation techniques | Can create similar effects as biofeedback. Time can heal wounds but relaxation can speed up the healing |
| Meditation | Practiced throughout the world, improves awareness, reduces suffering, and increase compassion |
| Gratitude | An appreciative emotion people often experience when they benefit from other’s actions or recognize their own good fortune. |
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