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History Ch. 17
Everything from the review sheet
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Congress | a formal meeting for discussion between delegates |
| Indemnities | compensation to other nations for war damages |
| Peninsulares | Spaniards born and raised in Spain living in Latin America |
| Cirillos | Spaniards born in the New World |
| Mestizos | People with mixed Spanish and Indian blood |
| Caudillos | military leaders of Spanish colonies |
| Liberalism | major philosophy that stirred discontent in Europe; called for less government intervention and more personal liberty |
| Nationalism | major philosophy that stirred discontent in Europe; called for national pride and thus freedom for individual groups |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Russification | uniting of diverse national groups around Russian culture and traditions |
| Realpolitik | using whatever means necessary to accomplish political goals |
| Risorgimento | movement of Italian nationals meaning "resurgence" |
| Zollverein | German trade union that demonstrated that German states could work together leading to a push for German unification |
| Dual Monarchy | an arrangement that gives two people groups equal power in the same empire |
| Romanticism | artistic movement that was unleashed by the revolutions in Europe; emphasized the concepts of liberty, equality, and fraternity |
| Lord Castlereagh | foreign minister of Britain who was a major voice at the Congress of Vienna; warned by Talleyrand and Metternich of letting Russia get to powerful |
| Czar Alexander I | Czar of Russia who was a strong voice at the Congress of Vienna |
| Charles Maurice de Talleyrand | French foreign minister present at the Congress of Vienna; minimized the consequences for France after the Napoleonic Wars |
| Ferdinand VII | King of Spain who was put back on the Spanish throne after Napoleon's defeat; reversed the liberal policies that had been passed by reinstating the Inquisition |
| Simon Bolivar | known as "the Liberator" and freed northern South America from Spanish control |
| Jose de San Martin | liberated Chile and Peru from control of the Spanish with the assistance of already free Argentina |
| Dom Pedro | son of the Portuguese royal family who was left to rule as regent in Brazil after the family returned to Portugal; declared Brazil independent |
| Porfirio Diaz | elected leader of Mexico under their constitution; consolidated power and became seen as a puppet for foreign governments |
| Francisco Madero | opposition leader in Mexico; he was imprisoned by Diaz when he probably would have won the election |
| Louis XVIII | took the throne of France after the defeat of Napoleon; began to allow freedoms they gained under Napoleon but suppressed those trends |
| Charles X | succeeded Louis XVIII as king of France; he furthered the suppression of liberalism and personal freedom; sought to return to the divine right of kings |
| Louis Philippe | succeeded Charles X as ruler of France; known as the "citizen king" but lost popularity when he catered to the upper class |
| Louis Napoleon | Nephew of Napoleon who led the Second Republic and consolidated power |
| Franz Josef I | nephew of Ferdinand I who was placed on the throne of Austria after his uncle's abdication |
| Czar Nicholas I | ruler of Russia who controlled uprisings through a program called "Autocracy, Orthodoxy, and Nationalism" |
| Giuseppe Mazzini | pushed for a unified Italy and worked toward that goal in the north; started a patriotic society called Young Italy |
| Count Camillo di Cavour | He was the primary person responsible for unifying Italy; served as prime minister of the kingdom of Sardinia |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | follower of Mazzini and worked toward unifying southern Italy; his group "Red Shirts" invaded and conquered Sicily and Naples |
| Victor Emmanuel II | King of Sardinia who presided over a mostly unified Italy |
| Count Otto von Bismarck | Prussian leader who worked for the unification of the German states; made chancellor by King Wilhelm I and used his position to gain German states |
| King Wilhelm I | King of Prussia who made Otto Von Bismarck chancellor and ended up ruling over many more unified German states |
| Louis Kossuth | led an unsuccessful revolt of Hungary against Austria |
| Czar Alexander II | succeeded Nicholas I as czar of Russia; granted freedoms and implemented social reform |
| Ludwig von Beethoven | composer who bridged the gap between classical and romantic music with his early music being classical to then being romantic |
| July Revolution | Rebellion against Charles X in France after Charles pushed for absolutism and feudalism |
| June Days | three days of battles in France when "national workshops" were abolished |
| Austro-Prussian War | known as the Seven Weeks' War; stirred up problems in Holstein so that Austria would declare war on Prussia making Prussia seem like the victim |
| Franco-Prussian War | war between France and Prussia was actually over the throne of Spain, when Spain overthrew the corrupt monarchy, they invited Leopold to take the throne |
| Quadruple Alliance | group of four nations - Austria, Prussia, Russia and Great Britain - who worked together to ensure the peace of Europe after the Napoleonic War |
| Concert of Europe | was the new name of the Quadruple Alliance after France joined in 1818 |
| Monroe Doctrine | statement by James Monroe that stated that a European power crossed the Atlantic to set up colonies int he Western Hemisphere |
| Treaty of Adrianople | recognized Greek independence from the Ottoman Turks |
| Treaty of London | recognized the independence of Belgium and made it a perpetually neutral state |
| Second French Republic | government set up in France after Louis Philippe fled to England during the revolts of 1848 |
| Austro-Hungarian Empire | dual monarchy that was made after Hungarians revolted and demanded equal treatment and power |
Created by:
Adilyn B