Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
US History Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| After the Seven Years' War, Britain kept several thousand troops in the colonies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT | to enforce the Proclamation of 1763 by providing protection to colonials settling west of the Appalachians. |
| The ________ widened the terms of the imperial debate, intensified resistance within the colonies, and, most importantly, provoked the first real display of intercolonial unity. | Stamp Act |
| Which of the following was NOT argued by Thomas Paine in Common Sense? | Parliament had deliberately brought about all of America's misfortunes |
| Which of the following did the First Continental Congress not identify as part of the foundation of American liberties? | Slavery |
| Parliament enacted the Coercive Acts in response to | Boston Tea Party |
| What prompted Parliament's passing of the Tea Act in 1773? | It was an effort to bail out the bankrupt East India Tea Company. |
| Regarding the consequences of the Seven Years' War that led to the rift between the colonies and England, which of the following is correctly stated? | British imperial officials, with a greatly expanded empire to run, were determined to centralize and extend British rule over the colonies |
| What ultimately brought an end to the Townshend Duties in 1770? | declining British sales to the colonies |
| The first blood of an American soldier was shed by British troops at ________ in April 1775 | Lexington |
| What was the basic British policy after 1763? | to consolidate their gains |
| Many colonials believed that the ________ was/were proof of a plot to enslave the colonies. | Coercive Acts |
| The Tea Act of 1773 | gave the East India company a monopoly on the American tea trade. |
| In resisting the Stamp Act, Americans affirmed their | general mistrust of power. |
| What was new in American resistance to the Townshend duties? | institutionalized mechanisms for enforcing nonimportation |
| Which of the following events was the immediate catalyst for the first battle of the American Revolution? | British troops' attempts to seize arms that were stored in Concord, Massachusetts |
| The ________ Act allowed the housing of British troops in uninhabited private homes, outlying buildings, and barns. | Quartering |
| After 1768, the presence of freedom fighters in many European countries had which of the following effects upon resistance groups in America? | American resistance groups increasingly thought of themselves as part of a transatlantic network of the friends of liberty |
| The British theory of ________ representation argued that the colonials were represented in Parliament | Virtual |
| The First Continental Congress essentially called for | a return to the imperial order before 1763 |
| The radicals of the English "Opposition" or "Country Party" believed that | one person or even a few people could not be entrusted with governing because they would become corrupt and conspire against liberty to enhance their own power |
| During the Stamp Act controversy, how did the Lord of the Treasury George Grenville counter American complaints that Americans were not represented in Parliament? | He said that they were virtually represented through the existing members of Parliament. |
| Thomas Paine's Common Sense | Encouraged Americans to declare independence |
| Parliament repealed all of the Townshend duties except the tax on tea because | it was a source of revenue and symbol of Parliament's authority. |
| Who organized a combined uprising of the western tribes in the aftermath of the French defeat? | Pontiac |
| The Treaty of Paris (1763) gave Britain title to all French claims | East of the Mississippi, and Spanish Florida |
| Whose defeat at the makeshift defensive structure known as Fort Necessity began the Seven Years' War? | George Washington |
| William Pitt was | Both the organizer of British victory in the Seven Years' War, and relatively sympathetic to American protests during the years after the Seven Years' War |
| According to the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763, French holdings in North America west of the Mississippi were to be part of the empire of ________. | Spain |
| The Seven Years' War pitted Britain against France in a struggle to control what region of North America? | Ohio Country |
| ________ was an intellectual movement in both Europe and America that celebrated the power of human reason | Enlightenment |
| Even though slavery communities built elaborate kinship networks by the middle of the eighteenth century, black families remained most vulnerable to | Being sold apart |
| The boy preacher from England who stirred revival fires up and down the colonial seaboard was ________ | George Whitefield |
| What was the main benefit of the task system for slaves? | Their day was done once their assignments were completed |
| Which group dominated the political and economic life of the seaport towns? | Merchants |
| Three distinctive communities existed in eighteenth-century America. These include all of the following EXCEPT | Mill towns |
| The Great Awakening can best be described by which of the following statements? | It was an emotional revivalist movement, which had its greatest impact both in the coastal regions and the backcountry |
| Regarding the effects of the Great Awakening, all of the following are correctly stated, EXCEPT that | Many urban easterners embraced evangelical Protestantism and thus swelled such denominations as Quakers and Anglicans |
| The three largest groups of non-English immigrants coming to the American colonies in the 1700s were | Africans, Scots-Irish, and Germans |
| ________ differences heightened sectional tensions between the seaboard's established communities and the frontiers. | Ethnic |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons the American population grew dramatically in the 1700s? | Absorption of French and Spanish colonials as the British empire expanded |
| Americans in the 1750s liked to think that their colonial governments | Mirrored the ideal English constitution |
| Like many devotees of the Enlightenment, Benjamin Franklin of Philadelphia was most impressed by its emphasis on | Useful knowledge |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about slave communities on southern plantations? | With few slaves imported directly from Africa, African folkways soon disappeared |
| What was the grandest and most populous city in mid-eighteenth-century British North America? | Philadelphia |
| Most eighteenth-century French American settlers lived | Along the St. Lawrence River |
| Maroons were | Groups of escaped slaves who fled to the frontier |
| ________ was the Spanish empire's last major colonial project in North America. | California |
| Which of the following immigrant groups in eighteenth-century British North America was the smallest? | Swiss |
| What was the primary reason so many families migrated into the backcountry? | To obtain land |
| Which statement about the regulars of the Continental Army is true? | In social composition and military tactics, the American army came to resemble the British army. |
| Saratoga changed everything says your text, referring to which of the following? | Britain's defeat led to a treaty of alliance with France, opening a new phase of the war. |
| ________, through astute diplomacy, both won an ally for America and negotiated the treaty that gave Americans their independence. | Benjamin Franklin |
| _______, a competent Continental officer who became disillusioned with the American cause despite a key role in several American military successes, went over to the British side and ended up fighting rebels in Virginia | Benedict Arnold |
| The Declaration of Independence based the case for independence on | George III's infringements on American liberty. |
| The British shifted to a southern strategy after 1778 because | they felt they could exploit loyalist support |
| During the Revolutionary War, slaves sought freedom | from whichever side seemed likely to grant it. |
| Why were the French initially reluctant to support the American cause? | They were not sure the rebels in America stood a fighting chance |
| Which of the following was not an example of American radicalism in the 1760s and 1770s? | the drafting of the Olive Branch Petition |
| Which of the following is the best statement of why the British signed the peace treaty granting American independence? | The timing of the occasional American victories led to a global situation in which the British needed to salvage the rest of their empire by cutting their American losses |
| What was the most dominant common characteristic among the diverse group of people who remained loyal to Britain? | They were fearful of divisions and instability within American society. |
| George Washington's victory at Yorktown came as a joint achievement of the Continental Army and | the French army. the French navy. militia from the area. |
| As written by Jefferson, ________ both justified why Americans no longer considered themselves English and denied England any authority in the colonies | the Declaration of Independence |
| During the first year of the Revolution, American war aims shifted from a desire for redress of grievances to a demand for complete independence. Which of the following influenced this shift? | the impact of Tom Paine's Common Sense |
| How did well-to-do American women help the revolutionary war effort? | They collected money, medicine, food, and pewter to melt into bullets. |
| What event helped overcome republican fears of a standing Continental Army? | the dwindling number of "citizen-soldier" volunteers |
| Why did thousands of women drift after the troops of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War? | They were the wives of poor men without support. |
| In the war for independence, most Native Americans | generally maintained neutrality, although a few tribes sided with the rebels. |
| For the southern backcountry, the Revolutionary War meant | bitter, bloody, partisan civil war. |
| Why did the Continental Congress approach the French cautiously about a military alliance against Great Britain? | They wondered why Europe's leading Catholic monarchy would make common cause with largely Protestant Republicans. |
| The initial fighting in the war occurred in New England; most engagements in the two years after the Declaration of Independence took place in ________; and the conflict in the later war years raged across ________. | the middle states (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania); the Carolinas and Virginia |
| In November 1775, Virginia's royal governor, Lord Dunmore, offered freedom to any slaves who | would join the British. |
| The Continental Army gained a key victory over the British at _______, demonstrating its ability as a fighting force and winning support for its cause in the region | Trenton |
| What was the role of African Americans in the revolution? | Though still enslaved, they rallied around the revolutionary rhetoric of freedom, uniformly supporting the American cause |
| Immediately after the Revolution, the United States began to have difficulties with Spain. The disputes related to the boundaries of Florida and | navigation rights on the Mississippi. |
| The two most pressing problems for the new nation, which neither the states nor the Confederation Congress could solve, were | divisions between the states, and border disputes with Britain and Spain. |
| Which of the following is a true statement concerning African Americans following the Revolution? | Most northern states abolished slavery by law either immediately or gradually. |
| The constitutions written by the states provided several important precedents for the later federal system created by the Constitution of 1787. One of the most important was the principle of | creating a written document as supreme law. |
| What is the best description of the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation? | thirteen independent state republics loosely joined together under a virtually powerless representative body |
| The state of New Jersey created legislation in 1807 to close what loophole? | landowning women's suffrage |
| In the debates over ratification, a major fear of the Anti-Federalists was that | the most powerful groups in society would dominate and eventually rule in a corrupt and arbitrary fashion |
| How did James Madison imagine that a federal republic with a strong central government might work, especially one that governed such a vast land area as that of the United States? | He believed that various interests and factions would cancel each other out in a large republic, and that virtuous national leaders would govern on behalf of all the people |
| The Constitutional Convention deadlocked until it could find a compromise solution to the issue of | representation in Congress. |
| What was the most important result of the uprising of western Massachusetts debtor farmers led by Daniel Shays? | It gave crucial momentum to the growing movement to strengthen the national government. |
| What prompted the rapid spread of female literacy in the United States following the American Revolution? | the demand on women to educate and raise well-informed citizens |
| The delegates to the Constitutional Convention, though from twelve different states, had two important things in common. These were that they were | all men of considerable political experience, who recognized the need for a stronger national union. |
| The core of Anti-Federalist opposition to the Constitution of 1787 was its lack of a(n) ________. | bill of rights |
| Which of the following best assesses the impact of the Northwest Ordinances on Native Americans? | They increased the pressures on Native American lands. |
| In the debates over ratification, the Federalists argued that the Constitution | would protect the nation from itself by providing a system of checks and balances. |
| Underlying the dispute over representation was an even deeper rivalry between | Southern and Northern states. |
| The term that refers to an arrangement of government that divides power between the state and national governments is _______ | federalism |
| The Northwest Ordinance, which established a basis for territorial government for lands between the Ohio River and the Great Lakes, included all of the following provisions EXCEPT | protection of civil and political rights for Indians. |
| The Society of Cincinnati, a veterans' club for former Continental Army officers, attracted criticism because it | was perceived as aristocratic. |
| One result of the harsh treatment of loyalists during and following the Revolution was that | new opportunities were created for enterprising Americans to move up the ladder of wealth and influence. |
| What determined the number of every state's electoral votes in the Electoral College? | each state's total number of U.S. senators and representatives |
| What document was essentially a continuation of the Second Continental Congress? | the Articles of Confederation |
| Which of the following leaders shaped the framing of the federal Constitution more than anyone else? | James Madison |
| The Federalist Papers presented strong and convincing arguments in favor of | adopting the Constitution of 1787. |
| Jefferson's Republican party | appealed to fears of commerce and urbanization. |
| At best, Jefferson considered government | a necessary evil. |
| Which of the following was NOT one of the goals of Alexander Hamilton's financial proposals? | stimulate the essentially virtuous nature of ordinary citizens, who could take advantage of new economic opportunities |
| What mission did President Thomas Jefferson entrust to Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in 1804? | a mission to make detailed observations of nature and investigate an overland route to the Pacific Ocean |
| Why did the United States employ force against the North African states of Tripoli, Morocco, Tunis, and Algier? | These states' corsairs had plundered foreign ships and enslaved the crews. |
| What larger social pattern helps explain the clashes between whites and Indians on the Ohio frontier and, more specifically, their resort to both religious renewal movements and abusive consumption of increased quantities of alcohol? | Traditional cultural systems were breaking down, creating great cultural stress. |
| One of the results of the presidential election of 1800 is that it | brought the Republicans to office. |
| What did the Federalist party want to use the government for? | they wanted to use government power to promote commerce and industry. |
| As war broke out in Europe, the Washington administration | asserted the right to steer a path of neutrality. |
| Which of the following was a charge raised by opponents to Hamilton's program? | It threatened to create a class of moneyed aristocracy. |
| How did foreign policy issues accelerate the emergence of political parties in the U.S.? | Divided over whether France represented republicanism or anarchy, the two sides came to suspect the worst intentions of the other and organized parties against each other. |
| The influential leaders of the younger Republicans, known as the War Hawks | came mostly from the frontier areas and were aggressively nationalistic. |
| The Embargo Act | especially hurt New England's port cities. |
| In the XYZ Affair, | French officials demanded a bribe to open negotiations with the United States. |
| The Louisiana Purchase was significant because it | doubled the country's size. |
| Washington's farewell address | warned against the dangers of parties and called for a restoration of unity in the national political system. |
| On what issues were the Federalists remarkably forward-looking? | on issues of economic development |
| What did Jay's Treaty do? | secured the evacuation of British troops from the Northwest. |
| The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812, | was signed two weeks before the Battle of New Orleans. |
| Which of the following did Thomas Jefferson consider the path to a morally superior way of life? | agriculture |
| How did the War of 1812 effect Andrew Jackson? | it made Andrew Jackson an overnight hero. |
| Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) ________, while his brother Tecumseh ________. | led a religious revival among western tribes; led a military alliance among western tribes |
| How did African Americans react to being excluded from political festivals and public jubilees? | They organized their own celebrations. |
| The Alien and Sedition Acts were used primarily | to weaken the Republican party. |
| Proclamation Line, 1763 | established a boundary along the Appalachian Mountains separating British colonies from Indigenous lands to pacify Native American unrest. |
| Writs of Assistance | general, perpetual British search warrants used in American colonies to combat smuggling, allowing searches without specific warrants or probable cause. |
| vice admiralty courts | these courts (particularly after 1764) increased to enforce navigation laws and combat smuggling. They became a major source of colonial grievance—a factor leading to the American Revolution |
| stamp act | Taxes on legal documents, customs papers, newspapers, almanacs, college diplomas, playing cards, dicealmanacs, college diplomas, playing cards, di |
| stamp act congress | the first united action by the colonies; the congress acknowledges that while Parliament has a right to regulate colonial trade, it does not have the power to tax the colonies |
| declaratory act | asserted absolute Parliamentary authority to legislate for the American colonies "in all cases whatsoever," |
| sons of liberty | a secret, radicalized network of American colonists—primarily merchants, artisans, and laborers—formed in 1765 to oppose British taxation and control, most notably the Stamp Act |
| virtual vs direct representation | Virtual representation is the British political theory that members of Parliament represented all British subjects, regardless of whether they voted. Direct representation dictates that representatives are directly elected by, specific constituents. |
| townshend duties | a series of British parliamentary measures designed to raise revenue, pay colonial officials' salaries, and tighten trade control in the American colonies. Levying duties on imported glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea, they fueled colonial revolution. |
| tea act | Passed by Britain aimed to bail out the struggling East India Company by granting it a monopoly on tea sales in the American colonies |
| coercive/intolerable acts | passed by British Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party and restore order. They closed Boston Harbor, suspended the Massachusetts government, allowed royal officials to be tried outside the colonies, and mandated housing for troops |
| first and second continental congress | The First Congress organized a unified protest against the Intolerable Acts, while the Second Congress managed the Revolutionary War and passed the Declaration of Independence |
| lexington and concord | Massachusetts colonists defied British authority, outnumbered and outfought the Redcoats, and embarked on a lengthy war to earn their independence |
| olive branch petition | a final attempt to avoid war with Great Britain |
| common sense | Written by Thomas Paine, he argued for American independence from Britain in plain language |
| lord dunmore's proclamation | declared martial law and offered freedom to any enslaved persons or indentured servants belonging to "rebels" if they were able and willing to bear arms for the British Crown |
| Saratoga | turning point of the American Revolution, where American forces defeated British General John Burgoyne in 1777, securing vital French support |
| Yorktown | Victory at Yorktown led directly to the peace negotiations that ended the war in 1783 and gave America its independence. |
| treaty of paris 1783 | officially ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States, securing American independence and establishing generous boundaries for the new nation. |
| republican motherhood | Republican Motherhood was a post-Revolutionary American ideology that tasked women with cultivating "civic virtue" in their sons, to ensure the survival of the new nation. It elevated women's domestic roles as politically significant, providing access to |
| land of ordinance of 1785 | passed by the Confederation Congress to establish a standardized, grid-based system for surveying and selling the federally owned, undeveloped land in the Northwest Territory |
| northwest ordinance | established the framework for governing the Northwest Territory, creating a pathway for admitting new states to the Union |
| shays rebellion | an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a monetary debt crisis at the end of the American Revolutionary War |
| virginia and new jersey plans | were competing proposals at the 1787 Constitutional Convention regarding the structure of Congress |
| great compromise | an agreement during the Constitutional Convention that established a bicameral legislature, resolving the stalemate between large and small states over representation. |
| 3/5 compromise | granted the South greater political power and legally embedding slavery within the U.S. Constitution until the 13th Amendment. |
| elastic clause | , grants Congress the authority to pass laws required to carry out its enumerated powers. It acts as a "stretching" power, allowing Congress to address emerging issues not explicitly listed, such as establishing a national bank. |
| federalist | was the nation’s first political party, founded by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and John Adams. They championed a strong central government, a national bank, an industrialized economy, and close ties with Britain. |
| Anti-Federalists | fearing a strong central government would destroy state sovereignty and individual liberties, potentially creating a new tyranny. Led by figures like Patrick Henry, they favored local control and forced the adoption of the Bill of Rights |
| federalist papers | 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to explain and defend the Constitution, exploring principles of governance, checks and balances, and the necessity of a strong federal government |
| hamiltonian economics | emphasizing federal power to promote industrialization, public credit, and a diversified economy. Key policies included assuming state war debts, establishing a national bank, and protecting emerging industries through tariffs and subsidies |
Created by:
AgniLive