Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Medical Terminology
Musculoskeletal System Chapter 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | Rounded depression in pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint |
| acromion | Outward extension of shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder |
| bone | Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton |
| bone depression | Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageway for blood vessels and nerves |
| bone process | Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments |
| A mineral constituent of bone | calcium |
| cancellous bone | Spongy, porous bone tissue in inner part of bone |
| cartilage | Flexible, connective tissue |
| collagen | Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues |
| compact bone (cortical) | Hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around outer portion of bones |
| cranial bones (6) | Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal |
| diaphysis | Shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone |
| disc | Flat, round, plate-like structure |
| epiphyseal plate | Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes in the immature skeleton |
| epiphysis | Each end of a long bone; area beyond the epiphyseal plate |
| facial bones | Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic |
| fontanelle | Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant |
| foramen magnum | Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes |
| haversian canals | Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone |
| ligament | Fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other |
| malleolus | Round process on both sides of the ankle joint |
| manubrium | Upper portion of the sternum |
| mastoid process | Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear |
| medullary cavity | Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone |
| metaphysis | Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate |
| olecranon | Large process on the proximal end of the ulna |
| orthopedist | Medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions |
| osseous tissue | Bone tissue |
| ossification | Process of bone formation |
| osteoblast | Bone cell that helps form bony tissue |
| osteoclast | Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue |
| periosteum | Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue |
| Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium | phosphorus |
| physiatrist | Medical doctor who specializes in rehabilitation |
| pubic symphysis | Area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis |
| red bone marrow | Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis |
| ribs (what pairs are what? | Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall; true ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8-10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12 |
| sella turcica | Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located |
| sinus | Hollow air cavity within a bone |
| styloid process | Pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull |
| temporomandibular joint | Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and the mandibular bone of the jaw |
| Tendon | Fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones |
| suture | Immovable joint between bones |
| trabeculae | Supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone |
| vertebra | Individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina |
| xiphoid process | Lower, narrow portion of sternum |
| yellow bone marrow | Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones |
| calc/o | calcium |
| calci/o | calcium |
| kyph/o | posterior curvature in thoracic region |
| lamin/o | lamina |
| lord/o | curve |
| lumb/o | loins, lower back |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bone |
| scoli/o | crooked |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| vertebr/o | vertebra |
| -blast | embryonic cell |
| -clast | to break |
| -listhesis | slipping |
| -malacia | softening |
| -physis | to grow |
| -porosis | pore, passage |
| -tome | instrument to cut |
| acetabul/o | acetabulum (hip socket) |
| calcane/o | calcaneus (heel) |
| carp/o | carpals (wrist bones) |
| clavicul/o | clavicle (collar bone) |
| cost/o | ribs |
| crani/o | cranium (skull) |
| femor/o | femur (thigh bones) |
| fibul/o | fibula (outer, smaller lower leg bone) |
| humer/o | humerus (upper arm bone) |
| ili/o | ilium (upper part of pelvic bone) |
| ischi/o | ischium (part of pelvic bone, two bottom loops) |
| malleol/o | malleolus |
| mandibul/o | mandible (lower jaw bone) |
| maxill/o | maxilla (upper jaw bone) |
| metacarp/o | metacarpals (hand bones) |
| metatars/o | metatarsals (foot bones) |
| olecran/o | olecranon (elbow) |
| patell/o | patella (kneecap) |
| pelv/i | pelvis |
| perone/o | fibula |
| phalang/o | phalanges (finger, toe bones) |
| pub/o | pubis |
| radi/o | radius |
| scapul/o | scapula (shoulder blade) |
| stern/o | sternum (breastbone) |
| tars/o | tarsals |
| tibi/o | tibia (shin bone) |
| uln/o | ulna (lower arm bone) |
| articular cartilage | Smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint |
| articulation | Any type of joint |
| bursa (plural: bursae) | Sac of fluid near a joint |
| ligament | Fibrous connective bands binding bones to other bones |
| meniscus | Crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee |
| suture joint | Immovable joint |
| synovial cavity | Space between bones at a synovial joint |
| synovial fluid | Viscous fluid within the synovial cavity |
| synovial joint | Freely movable joint |
| synovial membrane | Tissue lining the synovial cavity; produces synovial fluid |
| tendon | Fibrous connective bands that connect muscles to bones |
| ankyl/o | stiff |
| arthr/o | joint |
| articul/ | joint |
| burs/o | bursa |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| ligament/o | ligament |
| rheumat/o | watery flow |
| synov/o | synovial membrane |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| -desis | to bind, tie together |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| abduction | Movement away from midline of body |
| adduction | Movement toward midline of body |
| dorsiflexion | Upper movement of the foot |
| extension | Straightening of a flexed limb |
| flexion | extension of limb |
| plantar flexion | Bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground |
| pronation | Turning the palm downward |
| rotation | Circular movement around a central point |
| supination | Turning the palm upward |
| smooth muscle | Visceral muscle |
| striated muscle | Skeletal muscle |
| visceral muscle | Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle |
| skeletal muscle | Muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle |
| insertion of a muscle | Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves |
| origin of a muscle (beginning) | Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone |
| fascia | Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles |
| fasci/o | fascia |
| fibr/o | Fibrous |
| leiomy/o | smooth muscle |
| my/o | muscle |
| myocardi/o | heart muscle |
| myos/o | Muscle |
| plant/o | sole of the foot |
| rhabdomy/o | skeletal muscle connected to bones |
| sarco | muscles and flesh |
| -asthenia | lack of strength |
| -trophy | development, nourishment |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| dorsi- | back |
| poly- | many, much |
| rheumatologist | nonsurgical physicians who specialize primarily in joint problems. |
| Sesamoid bones | small, rounded bones, resembling a sesame seed in shape. Found near joints, increase the efficiency of the tendons of a particular joint. |
| Ewing Sarcoma | Rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children |
| exostosis | bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of the bone. |
| fracture | traumatic breaking of a bone. |
| osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma) | Malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents. |
| osteomalacia | softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection. |
| osteoporosis | decrease in bone density (mass), thinning and weakening the bone. |
| Osteopenia | bone mineral density is lower than usual, can be a precursor to osteoporosis |
| talipes | congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus) |
| arthritis | inflammation of any joint |
| ankylosing spondylitis (kind of arthritis) | Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening joints, primarily in spine. |
| gouty arthritis (gout) | inflammation and painful swelling in and around joints caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals. too much uric acid in blood. |
| osteoarthritis (OA) AKA degenerative joint disease | Progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces. |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane |
| bunion, AKA hallux or Valgus | enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) |
| carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) | Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, and bones and tendons of the wrist. |
| dislocation | displacement of a bone from its joint. |
| reduction | putting a bone back in place |
| subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation |
| ganglion cyst | fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons. |
| herniation of an intravertebral disc, AKA slipped disc | abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disc into the spinal canal or spinal nerves |
| microdiscectomy | removal of portion of protruding disc for someone with a slipped disc. |
| Lyme disease (Lyme arthritis) | Chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick. Marked by a bull's eye rash. |
| sprain | injury, often the result of trauma, involving overstretching of the ligaments around a joint. |
| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, CNS, heart, and lungs |
| flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb |
| extension | increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb |
| muscular dystrophy | group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system |
| polymyositis | chronic inflammatory myopathy |
| antinuclear antibody test (ANA) | detects antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases |
| C-reactive protein test (CRP) | Blood test to measure levels of a protein made by the liver. High levels indicate infection or chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube. Elevated ESR is associated with inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, tumors, and infections. |
| rheumatoid factor test (RF) | serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis. |
| serum calcium (Ca) | measurement of calcium level in serum. Hypercalcemia may be caused by parathyroid gland disorders and malignancy that affects bone metabolism. Hypocalcemia is seen in critically ill patients with burns, sepsis, and acute renal failure. |
| serum creatine kinase (CK) | measurement of creatine kinase in serum. This enzyme is present in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Increased levels occur in muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, rhabdomyolysis, and traumatic injuries. |
| uric acid test | measurement of uric acid in serum. High levels are associated with gouty arthritis. |
| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from joint space. |
| arthrography | taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint. |
| arthroplasty | surgical repair or replacement of a joint. |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor. To view, or remove damaged tissue. |
| bone density test (bone densitometry) | low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass. |
| bone scan | uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone; also called bone scintigraphy |
| discography | x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disc after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disc) |
| electromyography (EMG) | recording of electrical activity of muscle tissue. |
| muscle biopsy | removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination to assess for abnormalities or disease. |
| musculoskeletal ultrasound | ultrasonic waves are used to image muscles, tendons, and joints. |
| frontal bone | forehead |
| parietal bones | two bones form roof and upper sides of cranium, back/top. |
| temporal bones | above ears and around back of ears |
| occipital bone | back bottom of skull, forms foramen magnum |
| sphenoid bone | across between the two temples |
| ethmoid bone | your favorite |
| lacrimal bones | inner, between both eyes |
| nasal bones | top middle of nose |
| maxillary bones | front middle of upper jaw |
| mandibular bone | lower jaw, with mental foramen |
| zygomatic bones | where cheek bone protrudes |
| ulna | inner lower arm bone when palm is facing up |
| radius | outer lower arm bone when palm is facing up |
| pelvic girdle, made up of three things | ilium, pubis, ischium (two loops at bottom of pelvis) |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| tibia | inner, bigger lower leg bone |
| fibula | outer, smaller, lower leg bone |
| talus | bone that sticks out of ankle |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| simple/closed fracture | clean break, inside |
| compound/open fracture | clean break, outside skin |
| colles fracture | end of bone broken off |
| crepitus | when bones rub together and make noise |
| compression fracture | vertebrae is damaged, compressing |
| comminuted fracture | bone broken in pieces at site of breakage |
| greenstick fracture | think of when you snap a green stick, one side still stays holding on, with the other side cracked open |
| orbicularis oculi (muscle) | closes eyelids, wrinkles forehead |
| sternocleidomastoid (muscle) | in neck, turns head |
| pectoralis major (muscle) | pecs |
| occipitofrontalis (muscle) | raises eyelids and draws scalp backward |
| Temporalis (muscle) | along temples, closes jaw |
| masseter (muscle) | closes jaw for chewing, clench your teeth |
| trapezius (muscle) | think of where you rub on shoulders by neck |
| deltoid (muscle) | shoulder on edge/top |
| gastrocnemius (muscle) | outer calf muscle |
| soleus (muscle) | inner calf muscle to sole |
| gluteus medius (muscle) | abducts thigh, raise leg straight out sideways from yourself |
| quadriceps (muscles) | thigh |
| bone head | rounded end of a bone |
| condyle | rounded knuckle-like process, at the end of bone |
| epicondyle | small rounded processes above the condyle |
| trochanters | large and small processes for tendon attachments on the femur |
| tuberosity (tubercle) | round elevation where tendons and muscles attach on the humerus, calcaneus, and pelvis |
| fissure | narrow groove or slit-like opening |
| foramen | opening for blood vessels and nerves |
| fossa | shallow cavity in or on a bone |
| sinus | hollow cavity within a bone |
Created by:
JoshuaB5